Docker以及DockerHub的使用

Docker的环境安装

移除旧版本的docker

$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io docker-ce 

更新apt安装包索引

$ sudo apt-get update

安装docker

方法一

$ wget -qO- https://get.docker.com/ | sh

方法二

$ sudo apt-get install -y docker.io
$ systemctl start docker
$ systemctl enable docker
$ docker version

测试是否安装成功

$ sudo docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

不使用sudo启动docker

$ sudo groupadd docker
$ sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} docker
Adding user heyw to group docker
$ sudo service docker restart
$ newgrp --help
Usage: newgrp [-] [group]
$ newgrp - docker
$ docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

（注意：需要重启系统)

安装docker-compose

使用 Docker Compose 可以轻松、高效的管理容器，它是一个用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 的应用程序工具

$ sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.17.0/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
$ docker-compose -v

如果太慢无法安装，可尝试使用python安装

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple -U docker-compose

镜像拉取加速

wilson@ubuntu:~$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
[sudo] password for wilson: 
wilson@ubuntu:~$ sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
> {
> "registry-mirrors":["https://f3lu6ju1.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
> }
> EOF
{
"registry-mirrors":["https://f3lu6ju1.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
wilson@ubuntu:~$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
wilson@ubuntu:~$ sudo systemctl restart docker

创建仓库

https://hub.docker.com/

创建Dockerfile文件

纯命令行

FROM busybox
CMD echo "hello, Wilson!"

Busybox是一个开源项目，遵循GPL v2协议。Busybox将众多的UNIX命令集合进一个很小的可执行程序中，可以用来替代GNU fileutils、shellutils等工具集。Busybox中各种命令与相应的GNU工具相比，所能提供的选项比较少，但是也足够一般的应用了。Busybox主要用于嵌入式系统。

c++编译生成的执行文件

需要使用静态编译

g++ -static -o hello Main.cpp

Dockerfile

FROM alpine
ADD hello /hello
CMD [ "./hello" ]

构建镜像

docker build -t 用户名/仓库名 Dockerfile所在文件夹
在当前例子中，是当前文件夹，即 docker build -t wilsonhe2019/hello .

$ docker build -t wilsonhe2019/hello .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/2 : FROM busybox
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
bdbbaa22dec6: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:6915be4043561d64e0ab0f8f098dc2ac48e077fe23f488ac24b665166898115a
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
 ---> 6d5fcfe5ff17
Step 2/2 : CMD echo "hello, Wilson!"
 ---> Running in d3ba11b3df32
Removing intermediate container d3ba11b3df32
 ---> 5a8186438fd5
Successfully built 5a8186438fd5
Successfully tagged wilsonhe2019/hello:latest

运行镜像

$ docker run wilsonhe2019/hello
hello, Wilson!

删除所有镜像

docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)

docker运行异常

提示

Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. ...

重启docker

sudo service docker restart

如果需要开机自动恢复，那么执行下面的命令

systemctl enable docker.service

登录

如果要推送到docker hub的话，需要先登录

$ docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: wilsonhe2019

推送镜像

$ docker push wilsonhe2019/hello
The push refers to repository [docker.io/wilsonhe2019/hello]
195be5f8be1d: Mounted from library/busybox 
latest: digest: sha256:98c379d7de38b5e84157aeb80551d504439ddbea2e376a7010f1b15f7b7cb254 size: 527

在其他电脑使用镜像

拉取镜像

$ docker pull wilsonhe2019/hello
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from wilsonhe2019/hello
bdbbaa22dec6: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:98c379d7de38b5e84157aeb80551d504439ddbea2e376a7010f1b15f7b7cb254
Status: Downloaded newer image for wilsonhe2019/hello:latest
docker.io/wilsonhe2019/hello:latest

运行镜像

$ docker run wilsonhe2019/hello
hello, Wilson!

使用docker-compose

编写docker-compose.yml

version: '3'

services: 
    hello:
        image: "wilsonhe2019/hello"
        restart: always
    
    hello-portainer:
        image: portainer/portainer
        volumes:
            - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
            - ./hello-data/portainer/data:/data
        restart: always
        ports:
            - 9000:9000

portainer可以让你在网页中统一管理镜像

构建

$ docker-compose build
hello-portainer uses an image, skipping
hello uses an image, skipping

运行

$ docker-compose up
Starting hello_hello-portainer_1 ... 
Starting hello_hello_1 ... 
Starting hello_hello-portainer_1

如果要在后台运行，命令需要加上-d

$ docker-compose up

在浏览器中管理镜像

打开浏览器访问 http://localhost:9000/

创建用户

连接本地docker环境

查看镜像状态