protobuf数据类型

四、限定符(required/optional/repeated)的基本规则。
      1. 在每个消息中必须至少留有一个required类型的字段。 
      2. 每个消息中可以包含0个或多个optional类型的字段。
      3. repeated表示的字段可以包含0个或多个数据。需要说明的是，这一点有别于C++/Java中的数组，因为后两者中的数组必须包含至少一个元素。
      4. 如果打算在原有消息协议中添加新的字段，同时还要保证老版本的程序能够正常读取或写入，那么对于新添加的字段必须是optional或repeated。道理非常简单，老版本程序无法读取或写入新增的required限定符的字段。

五、类型对照表。

.proto Type	Notes	C++ Type	Java Type
double		double	double
float		float	float
int32	Uses variable-length encoding. Inefficient for encoding negative numbers – if your field is likely to have negative values, use sint32 instead.	int32	int
int64	Uses variable-length encoding. Inefficient for encoding negative numbers – if your field is likely to have negative values, use sint64 instead.	int64	long
uint32	Uses variable-length encoding.	uint32	int
uint64	Uses variable-length encoding.	uint64	long
sint32	Uses variable-length encoding. Signed int value. These more efficiently encode negative numbers than regular int32s.	int32	int
sint64	Uses variable-length encoding. Signed int value. These more efficiently encode negative numbers than regular int64s.	int64	long
fixed32	Always four bytes. More efficient than uint32 if values are often greater than 228.	uint32	int
fixed64	Always eight bytes. More efficient than uint64 if values are often greater than 256.	uint64	long
sfixed32	Always four bytes.	int32	int
sfixed64	Always eight bytes.	int64	long
bool		bool	boolean
string	A string must always contain UTF-8 encoded or 7-bit ASCII text.	string	String
bytes	May contain any arbitrary sequence of bytes.	string	ByteString