遗传算法与爬山算法简介_遗传算法简介

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最新推荐文章于 2023-03-22 00:30:35 发布

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原文链接：https://towardsdatascience.com/an-introduction-to-genetic-algorithms-c07a81032547

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本文简要介绍了遗传算法和爬山算法的基本概念。遗传算法是一种受到生物进化启发的全局搜索策略，而爬山算法则是一种局部优化方法，两者在解决优化问题时各有特点。

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遗传算法与爬山算法简介

Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are a part of Evolutionary Computing (EC), which is a rapidly growing area of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It inspired by the process of biological evolution based on Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, where fitter individuals are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation. We, as human beings, also are the result of thousands of years of evolution.

遗传算法(GA)是进化计算(EC)的一部分，后者是人工智能(AI)Swift发展的领域。它受到了基于查尔斯·达尔文(Charles Darwin)的自然选择理论的生物进化过程的启发，在那里，更健康的个体更可能将其基因传给下一代。作为人类，我们也是数千年进化的结果。

遗传算法的历史 (History of Genetic Algorithms)

The GA, developed by John Holland and his collaborators in the 1960s and 1970s.

由约翰·霍兰德(John Holland)和他的合作者在1960年代和1970年代开发的GA。

As early as 1962, John Holland’s work on adaptive systems¹ laid the foundation for later developments.
早在1962年，约翰·霍兰德(John Holland)在自适应系统上的工作¹就为以后的发展奠定了基础。
By the 1975, the publication of the book “Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems”², by Holland and his students and colleagues.
到1975年，荷兰和他的学生及同事出版了《 自然和人工系统的适应 》一书。

The GA got popular in the late 1980s by was being applied to a broad range of subjects that are not easy to solve using other techniques.

遗传算法在1980年代后期很受欢迎，因为它被广泛地应用到了其他技术难以解决的问题上。

In 1992, John Koza has used genetic algorithm to evolve programs to perform certain tasks. He called his method “genetic programming” (GP)³.

1992年，约翰·科扎(John Koza)使用遗传算法来演化程序以执行某些任务。他称他的方法为“ 基因编程 ”(GP)³。

现实世界中的进化是什么？ (What is evolution in the real world?)

For thousands of years, humans have acted as agents of genetic selection, by breeding offspring with desired traits. All our domesticated animals and food crops are the results. Let review the genetic terms in nature as follows.

几千年来，人类一直通过繁殖具有所需性状的后代来充当基因选择的媒介。我们所有的驯养动物和粮食作物都是结果。让我们如下回顾自然界中的遗传术语。

Each cell of a living thing contains chromosomes — strings of DNA.
生物的每个细胞都包含染色体 -DNA串。
Each chromosome contains a set of genes — blocks of DNA
每个染色体包含一组基因 -DNA块
Each gene determines some aspect of the organism (like eye colour)
每个基因决定了生物体的某些方面(如眼睛的颜色)
A collection of genes is sometimes called a genotype
基因的集合有时被称为基因型
A collection of aspects (like eye colour) is sometimes called a phenotype
方面的集合(例如眼睛的颜色)有时称为表型
Reproduction (cr