第四章数据库设计基础修订稿_通用设计原则的简化修订

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原文链接：https://medium.com/better-programming/a-simplified-revision-of-common-design-principles-1db065bea0ae

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第四章数据库设计基础修订稿

Design principles aid in designing a user experience. These are generalized abstractions that help in thinking about the different aspects of a design. Design principles are derived from theory-based knowledge, experience, or common sense. Many of the principles determine what a user should see and do while carrying out a task.

设计原则有助于设计用户体验。这些是通用的抽象，可帮助您思考设计的不同方面。设计原理来自于基于理论的知识，经验或常识。许多原则决定了用户在执行任务时应该看到和做什么。

反馈 (Feedback)

Acknowledge the user’s actions and show results to keep the user informed. Provide adequate feedback to the user to ensure they know what to do next in their task. Make your design responsive and update the interface in real-time. For example, if you are making a drawing application, make the pen strokes visible to the user in real-time and not displayed after the user lifts their hand.

确认用户的操作并显示结果，以使用户随时了解情况。向用户提供足够的反馈，以确保他们知道下一步该做什么。使您的设计具有响应能力，并实时更新界面。例如，如果要制作绘图应用程序，则使笔触对用户实时可见，而在用户抬起手后不显示。

Image for post — Feedback — downloading indicator

可发现性 (Findability)

Make objects in your design easily discoverable. Create a design that is easy to navigate. For example, if you are creating an editing tool, make sure to have all the tools available in one spot.

使设计中的对象易于发现。创建易于浏览的设计。例如，如果要创建编辑工具，请确保将所有工具放在一个位置。

能见度 (Visibility)

Create an intuitive design. Make finding the appropriate control for the task at hand easier on the user. For example, in iOS, switches are intuitive to use.

创建一个直观的设计。使用户更容易找到适合手头任务的控件。例如，在iOS中，开关使用起来很直观。

约束条件 (Constraints)

Restrict the kind of interactions that can’t take place at a given moment. For example, deactivate buttons by making them gray.

限制在特定时刻无法进行的互动。例如，通过将按钮变为灰色来停用它们。

一致性 (Consistency)

Inconsistencies make users more prone to mistakes. Use similar elements for accomplishing similar tasks. Follow common rules. Make your design easier to learn and use. For example, three horizontal lines on either side of the screen always indicate having a side menu, and a person symbol usually indicates a profile. Make use of well-known icons. If you are an iOS developer, use SF Symbols and try to avoid custom symbols.

不一致会使用户更容易出错。使用相似的元素来完成相似的任务。遵循通用规则。使您的设计更易于学习和使用。例如，屏幕两侧的三条水平线始终表示具有侧面菜单，而人员符号通常表示轮廓。利用知名的图标。如果您是iOS开发人员，请使用SF Symbols并尝试避免使用自定义符号。

负担 (Affordance)

To afford means to give a clue. Make it obvious to the user how your design should be used. Your design will need some attributes that enable users to understand it. For example, the design of scroll views in smartphones indicates the start, end, and length of the view.

负担意味着提供线索。使用户知道如何使用您的设计。您的设计将需要一些使用户能够理解它的属性。例如，智能手机中滚动视图的设计指示视图的开始，结束和长度。