facebook使用教程
A new survey by Pew Research concludes that Americans who get their news mainly through social networks tend to be less well-informed, less engaged and more exposed to misinformation and conspiracy theories. The report, which is worth reading in its entirety, is based on some 10,000 surveys carried out over nine months, and concluded that around one fifth of the sample (18%) said social networks were their main source of information, and then asked them control questions to gauge their knowledge of various current issues.
皮尤研究中心(Pew Research)的一项新调查得出的结论是，主要通过社交网络获取新闻的美国人往往缺乏那么全面的信息，更少的参与度，并且更容易受到错误信息和阴谋论的影响 。 该报告值得阅读，整个报告是基于在9个月内进行的10,000项调查得出的，结论是大约有五分之一的样本(18％)表示社交网络是其主要信息来源，然后问他们控制问题，以评估他们对各种当前问题的了解。
Demographically, American adults who largely rely on social media for information tend to be younger, are less likely to be white, and have lower education levels than those who use a wider range of media.
人口统计学上，与使用广泛媒体的美国成年人相比，主要依靠社交媒体获取信息的美国成年人更年轻，更不可能是白人并且受教育程度较低。
The conclusion is hardly surprising and has many implications. First, the need to teach children the skills they need to be fully informed: social networks are a simple, fast and effortless source of news, but they not only make it easier to spread fake news, they also create echo chambers or reinforce biases, based on who we follow. The result is that not only are we less well-informed, less committed to the societies we live in, and more likely to be manipulated to spread fake news.
该结论不足为奇，并且具有许多含义。 首先，需要教给孩子们他们需要全面掌握的技能的知识：社交网络是一种简单，快速且轻松的新闻来源，但它们不仅使散布虚假新闻变得更加容易，还创造了回声室或加强了偏见 ，根据我们关注的人。 结果是，我们不仅不那么了解情况，对我们所生活的社会不那么投入，而且更有可能被操纵来传播假新闻。
The survey doesn’t conclude that social networks are a bad thing, noting that they have their use in informing us. In other words, this isn’t a binary issue. What role then, should social networks play in providing information? My approach to the subject, both personally and in terms of the subject matter I teach, is that social networks are useful when we place them on a third level: after the consumption of news through aggregators and recommendation algorithms. In that position, social networks can provide a wide range of sources and access to varied topics that can enrich an information diet. But for this methodology to be effective, it must be supported by a process and other tools.
调查并未得出结论，社交网络不是一件坏事，而是指出社交网络可用于通知我们。 换句话说，这不是二进制问题。 那么，社交网络应该在提供信息中扮演什么角色？ 我个人或就我所教的主题而言，我的处理方法是，社交网络在我们将其置于第三级时非常有用：在通过聚合器和推荐算法消费新闻之后。 在这种情况下，社交网络可以提供广泛的资源，并可以访问各种主题，从而丰富信息饮食。 但是，为了使这种方法有效，必须得到流程和其他工具的支持。
Allow me explain: I am a firm believer in the need for a proactive, not a reactive, attitude to news. My first stop when it comes to information is, since many years ago, a feed reader. Feed readers are still not a widely used tool, but they are enormously useful. They had their heyday with Google Reader, a project that Google launched in 2005 and cancelled in 2013, and since then, my particular choice has been Feedly, although there are many more, you just have to enter “feed reader” in a search engine to find them. Basically, these are services that allow you to subscribe to sources chosen by the user — almost any page on the web, from personal blogs to media or sections of them — and that present the information in a common format that allows you to read it quickly, as well as some basic management functions for that information: storage in a repository, forwarding to other people, sharing on social networks, etc. My Feedly tab is always open in any browser and any computer I’m using, and I consult it several times a day, providing me with news and articles on the wide range topics of interest to a teacher of innovation at a business school. What’s more, they’re available to everyone.
请允许我解释一下：我坚信需要对新闻采取积极而不是被动的态度。 关于信息，我的第一站是多年前的feed阅读器。 提要阅读器仍然不是一种广泛使用的工具，但是它们非常有用。 他们在Google Reader上处于全盛时期，Google在2005年启动了该项目，并在2013年取消了该项目。从那时起，我的选择一直是Feedly ，尽管还有很多选择，您只需要在搜索引擎中输入“ feed reader”即可。找到他们。 基本上，这些服务使您可以订阅用户选择的资源(从个人博客到媒体或其中的部分，几乎可以访问网络上的所有页面)，并且可以通用格式显示信息，从而使您可以快速阅读信息。 ，以及对该信息的一些基本管理功能：存储在存储库中，转发给其他人，在社交网络上共享等。“我的Feedly”标签始终在我使用的任何浏览器和任何计算机上打开，请向我咨询每天有几次，向我提供有关商学院创新老师感兴趣的广泛话题的新闻和文章。 而且， 每个人都可以使用它们。
My second stop is an algorithmic recommendation tool. For some years now, that role has been played, in my case, by Refind, which is usually installed as a plugin in the browser bar, and stores news I have found interesting, and then recommends related items. The beauty of Refind is that it often leads me to news sources and also allows me to go deeper into topics. Again, Refind is not unique, and there are many other algorithmic news recommendation tools that provide similar features.
我的第二站是算法推荐工具。 多年来，就我而言，该角色由Refind扮演，该角色通常作为插件安装在浏览器栏中，并存储我发现有趣的新闻，然后推荐相关项目。 Refind的优点在于，它经常将我带到新闻来源，也使我可以更深入地探讨话题。 同样，Refind不是唯一的，还有许多其他提供类似功能的算法新闻推荐工具。
Social networks constitute my third stop. I use Twitter, mainly because of a signal-to-noise ratio issues, but for many of my students that place is occupied by LinkedIn, which after acquiring Pulse in 2013 became a site to read the same things the people on your network is reading. Using a social network to read news implies, in my case, that I don’t use that social network to follow my friends or family, but instead I prioritize certain people who provide me with interesting content: industry leaders, content creators or others who, in some sense, set the agenda on topics that interest me.
社交网络是我的第三站。 我之所以使用Twitter，主要是因为信噪比问题，但是对于我的许多学生来说，这个地方被LinkedIn占据了。LinkedIn 在2013年获得Pulse后成为了一个可以读取网络上人们阅读的相同内容的网站。 在我的情况下，使用社交网络阅读新闻意味着我不使用该社交网络来关注我的朋友或家人，而是优先考虑向我提供有趣内容的某些人员：行业领导者，内容创建者或其他在某种意义上，将议程设置在我感兴趣的主题上。
I have never seen Facebook as a place to find information or read the news, regardless of what it claims to be and that, according to them, media without a presence on it are doomed to extinction. For me, it’s a social network to keep in touch with friends and family, although obviously, this is not the case for a significant portion of society. The same applies to the rest of its empire: Instagram as a news source? Ridiculous. WhatsApp? I don’t even have it installed (I rather use Telegram or Signal to exchange messages with my friends), and if I did, it would be a communication tool, never a place to read news.
我从来没有把Facebook看作是查找信息或阅读新闻的地方， 无论它声称是什么，而且据他们称，没有媒体在此注定要灭绝 。 对我来说，这是一个与朋友和家人保持联系的社交网络，尽管很明显，对于社会的很大一部分而言，情况并非如此。 同样的情况适用于它的其他帝国： Instagram是新闻来源吗？ 荒谬。 WhatsApp？ 我什至没有安装它(我宁愿使用Telegram或Signal来与我的朋友交换消息)，而且如果安装了，它将成为一种交流工具，而不是阅读新闻的地方。
For me, keeping up to date with the news is an important and fundamental task in itself, one I carry out rigorously. I can locate a news item I read in the past and go back to it at any time, something I do frequently when looking for the many links in the articles I write. Not everyone needs to be equally rigorous in their approach to news, but I would strongly recommend following some of the approaches mentioned above, particularly if you rely on information on a specific topic for your decision making.
对我而言，与时俱进本身就是一项重要而根本的任务，我会严格执行。 我可以找到过去阅读的新闻，然后随时返回新闻，在寻找撰写的文章中的许多链接时，我经常这样做。 并非每个人在新闻处理上都需要同样严格，但是我强烈建议您遵循上述某些方法，特别是如果您依赖特定主题的信息来制定决策时。
Leaving the task of information gathering to the same tool we use to congratulate people on their birthdays, share holiday photos or amuse ourselves is something that, frankly, I have never been able to understand. And now, moreover, we know that this is the best way to be misinformed.
坦率地说，我一直无法理解将信息收集的任务留给我们用来祝贺人们生日，分享假日照片或娱乐自己的工具。 而且，现在，我们知道这是被误导的最佳方法。
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