python书面教程
Ever heard someone say “an agreement is an agreement”? I didn’t see the usefulness of that statement until I started developing apps for people. While I knew that contracts were important, I didn’t take them seriously — at least not until I worked with startups that didn't compensate me as promised.
有没有听过有人说“协议就是协议”？ 在开始为人们开发应用程序之前，我看不到该声明的用处。 尽管我知道合同很重要，但我并没有认真对待它们-至少直到我与未按承诺补偿我的初创公司合作时，我才开始认真对待合同。
At around age 21, I taught myself how to develop apps for the Android platform. Because I was eager to have a lot on my resume, I applied for every software development gig and said yes to every project I happened to be called on, both locally and remotely. Basically, for the early part of my career, I worked with anyone who was willing to employ me.
在21岁左右，我自学了如何为Android平台开发应用程序。 因为我渴望在简历中花很多钱，所以我申请了每个软件开发工作，并对在本地和远程碰巧遇到的每个项目都说了是。 基本上，在我职业生涯的早期，我与任何愿意雇用我的人一起工作。
This was what happened when the founders of a startup reached out to me. We had worked together on a different project sometime before, so I said yes without hesitating. The requirements and compensation were straightforward. I would develop an app in the space of a month, receive half of the payment in two weeks after commencement, and the second half in another two weeks. Next, I was emailed the designs and I started working.
这是一家创业公司的创始人与我联系时发生的事情。 之前我们曾在一个不同的项目上合作过，所以我毫不犹豫地说。 要求和赔偿很简单。 我会在一个月的时间内开发一个应用程序，在启动后的两周内收到一半的付款，再过两周再收到一半。 接下来，我收到了设计的电子邮件，然后开始工作。
Fast-forward two weeks into the timeline, and I had paused all other projects just to work on this app. I had a day job, so the only time I could code was late at night. But each morning, I still sent over an updated version of the app beta.
快到时间表了两个星期，我暂停了所有其他项目，只是为了使用此应用程序。 我有一份日间工作，所以唯一可以编码的时间是深夜。 但是每天早晨，我仍然发送了该应用程序Beta的更新版本。
Now just when the two weeks got close for the first payment, they told me that the sponsors had delayed their funding. By the time the full app was ready after a month, I still hadn’t received any payment. This time, they told me that the whole project had been put on hold because the organisers wished to make some changes to it. To this day, I haven’t heard from them concerning the app or the payment. I still have the codes, but all those sleepless nights were for nothing.
现在，就在两周的第一笔付款接近时，他们告诉我赞助商已经推迟了他们的资助。 到一个月后完整的应用程序准备就绪时，我仍然没有收到任何付款。 这次，他们告诉我整个项目已暂停，因为组织者希望对此做一些更改。 到目前为止，我还没有收到有关应用程序或付款的消息。 我仍然有密码，但是所有那些不眠之夜都是徒劳的。
Although I’ve had other similar experiences in the past, this is what topped it all off for me. I learned my lesson, and since then, I promised myself to never work for anyone without a written agreement again.
尽管我过去也有其他类似的经历，但这对我来说是最重要的。 我吸取了教训，从那时起，我向自己保证，如果没有书面协议，我再也不会为任何人工作。
A couple of weeks ago, I applied for an Android developer gig and was accepted to work on the project. Two days ago, when I got the final email of the agreement I’d just signed with them, I remembered those times when I used to fight over agreements. So I’m sitting at my desk writing this guide to show you how I do it now. This is the process I use, but you can use it too to save yourself all that trouble. I’ve broken down the process into these steps:
几周前，我申请了一个Android开发人员演出，并被接受从事该项目。 两天前，当我收到与他们签署的协议的最后一封电子邮件时，我还记得我曾经为争取协议而奋斗的那段时间。 所以我坐在办公桌前写本指南，向您展示我现在如何做。 这是我使用的过程，但是您也可以使用它来节省所有麻烦。 我将过程分为以下步骤：
- Being confident in myself. 对自己有信心。
- Asking for a written agreement. 要求书面协议。
- Reviewing the document. 查看文档。
- Making changes. 进行更改。
- Signing the document. 签署文件。
- Saving copies. 保存副本。
对自己充满信心 (Being Confident in Myself)
After my experience with the startup, I did a lot of thinking to find out why that was happening to me. I found out that I was only seeing the software development jobs I was getting as opportunities to put one more thing on my resume. As a result, I was always afraid that I would be dropped for someone else if I brought up things like written agreements.
在对初创公司的经验之后，我做了很多思考，以了解为什么发生这种情况。 我发现我只是看到我所获得的软件开发工作，因为有机会在履历表上再增加一件事。 结果，我总是担心如果提出书面协议之类的东西，我会被别人抛弃。
Whenever I got a call or email to work for anyone, I felt that they had just done me a great favour and I wasn’t going to ruin it by insisting that our agreements be put on paper to scare them away. After all, there are other software developers they could’ve reached out to, but they called me. I felt that if I didn’t work with them, I would miss the opportunity and regret it later.
每当我接到要给任何人打来的电话或电子邮件时，我就会感到他们为我提供了很大的帮助，我不会坚持要求将我们的协议写在纸上以吓them他们，因此不会破坏它。 毕竟，还有其他软件开发人员可以联系到他们，但他们给我打电话。 我觉得如果我不和他们一起工作，我会错失良机，以后再后悔。
The solution was to clear that fear. But after trying for some time, I realised that I couldn’t do it. I wasn’t confident in my skills as a programmer yet. Yes, I could create apps, but there were lots of things I still needed to learn. So there I was, wondering what I could do to boost my confidence in my Android programming skills.
解决的办法是消除这种恐惧。 但是尝试了一段时间后，我意识到自己做不到。 我对作为程序员的技能还没有信心。 是的，我可以创建应用程序，但是还有很多事情需要学习。 所以我想知道如何做才能增强我对Android编程技能的信心。
These were the questions I asked myself:
这些是我问自己的问题：
- Have I really mastered the skill? 我真的掌握了这项技能吗？
- What do I need in order to do that? 我需要什么才能做到这一点？
I hadn’t mastered Android programming at all. I identified things like Kotlin, AI, and blockchain, among other technologies that I needed to master. These are things that most Android developers don’t bother to learn.
我根本没有精通Android编程。 我确定了诸如Kotlin，AI和区块链之类的东西，以及我需要掌握的其他技术。 这些是大多数Android开发人员都无需学习的东西。
From then on, I started reading and watching more courses on those topics and having even more sleepless nights spent just coding. Gradually, by building myself this way, I observed my confidence level going up. Now, whenever I get an opportunity to work on any project, I tell myself that I’m the best person for the job. I tell myself that I’m the one doing the others a favour and not the other way round.
从那时起，我开始阅读和观看有关这些主题的更多课程，并且花了更多的不眠之夜来编码。 逐渐地，通过这种方式建立自己，我观察到了我的信心水平上升。 现在，只要我有机会从事任何项目，我都会告诉自己，我是从事这项工作的最佳人选。 我告诉自己，我是一个在帮别人一个忙的人，而不是反过来。
The challenge here was that I didn’t have a lot of projects to my credit and it was already hard enough getting a software development gig without bringing up agreements and contracts. But as time went on, the number of projects I’d worked on increased and that began to speak for me. If you find it difficult to show your worth to others, the key is to improve your skills to the point where your work begins to speak for itself.
这里的挑战是我没有什么值得称赞的项目，并且在不达成协议和合同的情况下获得软件开发合同已经足够困难。 但是随着时间的流逝，我从事的项目数量增加了，这开始对我说话。 如果您发现很难向他人展示自己的价值，那么关键是要提高自己的技能，使自己的工作开始说话。
要求书面协议 (Asking for a Written Agreement)
With my confidence level high, I made it a norm not to work for anyone without a written agreement. I’ll take you through the one I just signed now. When I got accepted to work on the project, I knew it was no exception.
由于我的信任度很高，因此我制定了一项规范，在没有书面协议的情况下不为任何人工作。 我将带您完成我现在刚刚签署的那一个。 当我被接受从事该项目的工作时，我知道也不例外。
You see, most of the software projects I work on are remote with team members in different parts of the world. This makes it even more serious for me because I don’t necessarily meet the people I work with in person. So before writing a single line of software code for anyone, I need to have whatever is agreed on written down for future reference.
您会看到，我从事的大多数软件项目都与世界各地的团队成员保持远程联系。 这对我来说更加严重，因为我不一定会见与我一起工作的人。 因此，在为任何人编写一行软件代码之前，我需要先写下一致同意的内容，以备将来参考。
First, we talked about what the app was going to do and how much I was going to get paid as usual. After those emails and Skype calls, I started writing down all my expectations for the project. When I was sure I understood everything, I sent an email asking that the agreement be put in writing. I got back an email saying that they were working on it.
首先，我们讨论了该应用程序将要执行的操作以及像往常一样将获得多少报酬。 收到这些电子邮件和Skype电话后，我开始写下对项目的所有期望。 当我确定自己了解所有内容后，就发送了一封电子邮件，要求以书面形式签署协议。 我收到一封电子邮件，说他们正在努力。
It isn’t always this smooth with other projects. The problem is, sometimes I come across people who don’t want anything to do with written agreements at all. This was challenging in the beginning, but now I try not to work with people like that anymore.
其他项目并不总是那么顺利。 问题是，有时我遇到的人根本不希望与书面协议有任何关系。 一开始这是一个挑战，但现在我不再尝试与这样的人合作。
If I bring up the issue of putting our agreements in a legally binding document and the other party starts making excuses, I ask myself if they are for real. In almost all cases, the answer to that question is no. If they can’t put the same thing they say in ink, how can I trust what they say? So as a rule of thumb, I avoid working with people like that. Try to avoid them too. Better safe than sorry.
如果我提出将我们的协议放入具有法律约束力的文件中的问题，而另一方开始找借口，我会问自己这些协议是否真实。 在几乎所有情况下，该问题的答案都是“否”。 如果他们不能把自己说的话用墨水写下来，我怎么能相信他们说的话？ 因此，根据经验，我避免与这样的人一起工作。 尽量避免它们。 安全胜过遗憾。
审阅文件 (Reviewing the Document)
After receiving the message that they were working on the agreement, I got an email with the link to the document the next day.
收到他们正在按照协议进行工作的消息后，第二天我收到了一封电子邮件，其中包含指向该文档的链接。
I opened the link and started going over what had been written. When doing this, I pay attention to every detail in the document. I don’t rush this step at all. I don’t want to encounter a situation where I miss something and find out too late.
我打开了链接，然后开始浏览已写的内容。 在执行此操作时，我会注意文档中的每个细节。 我一点也不着急。 我不想遇到错过任何东西，发现来不及的情况。
Basically, I take my time to go through every section of the agreement. In the case of the one I just signed, I spent just a few hours doing that. With others, I spend a day or two just going over the information in the agreement. If I like everything I see, I move on. If not, I pause and mark it down somewhere. I do this until I get to the end of the document.
基本上，我会花时间仔细阅读协议的每个部分。 就我刚刚签署的那个而言，我只花了几个小时就完成了。 与其他人一起，我花了一两天的时间浏览协议中的信息。 如果我喜欢我所看到的一切，那么我继续前进。 如果没有，我会停下来并将它标记在某个地方。 我这样做直到文档结束。
The challenge with reviewing contracts is the wording can be too technical at times, and I don’t have a lawyer or a friend who is a lawyer to check them for me. But for now, I’m at least able to go through the documents and understand what is happening. However, I’ve always said to myself that if I ever need to hire a lawyer to work on such things, I’d gladly do so. If you ever find the need to do that too, don’t hesitate to get someone qualified to help.
审查合同所面临的挑战是措辞有时可能过于技术性，而且我没有律师或律师的朋友可以替我检查合同。 但是到目前为止，我至少能够浏览文档并了解正在发生的事情。 但是，我一直对自己说，如果我需要聘请律师从事此类工作，我会很乐意这样做。 如果您也有需要这样做，请毫不犹豫地让某人有资格提供帮助。
做出改变 (Making Changes)
By the time I finished going through the document, lo and behold, there were mistakes in it. Things that needed to be changed.
等我看完文件时，瞧瞧，里面已经有错误了。 需要改变的事情。
I use David Curtis Mintah on my online accounts and emails. However, for legal documents, I prefer using David C Mintah. Now in the document, my full name had been used instead of my legal name. And even with that, “Curtis” had been misspelled as “Cutris.” Really? That’s not funny.
我在在线帐户和电子邮件上使用David Curtis Mintah。 但是，对于法律文件，我更喜欢使用David C Mintah。 现在，在文档中，使用了我的全名而不是我的法定名称。 即便如此，“ Curtis”也被拼写为“ Cutris”。 真？ 这不好笑。
There’s something I’ve noticed about asking for changes in a written agreement. It shows the other party that you’ve really gone through the document.
我注意到有人要求更改书面协议。 它显示了另一方您确实已经浏览过该文档。
The legal name wasn’t the only thing I needed to change. I also found lines in the document that were too ambiguous or vague. A case in point was a line in the document that read: “Developer will perform for Company, the service of developing a mobile software application.” It wasn’t specific at all and needed to be: “Developer will perform for Company, the service of developing a mobile software application for Android OS devices.” Emphasis on Android OS devices.
法定名称不是我唯一需要更改的名称。 我还发现文档中的行太含糊或含糊不清。 一个典型的例子是文档中的一行写着：“开发人员将为公司提供开发移动软件应用程序的服务。” 它根本不是特定的，而必须是：“开发人员将为Company执行，这是为Android OS设备开发移动软件应用程序的服务。” 强调Android OS设备 。
I then sent an email asking for those changes to be made.
然后，我发送了一封电子邮件，要求进行这些更改。
A few hours later, I received the updated document.
几个小时后，我收到了更新的文档。
In some cases with other documents, there were no changes to be made. That’s OK and actually signals to me that they are as particular about details as I am.
在某些情况下，对于其他文档，没有任何更改。 没关系，实际上是向我发出信号，说他们对细节的重视程度与我一样。
As I mentioned, asking for changes in a written agreement shows that you have really taken the time to go through the document. But more importantly, anyone not willing to make changes to the writing raises a red flag as someone who might be difficult for me to work with. If you meet people like that too, tread cautiously with them because that’s what I do.
正如我提到的那样，要求对书面协议进行更改表明您确实花了一些时间阅读文档。 但更重要的是，任何不愿意更改文字的人都会发出危险信号，因为我可能很难与之合作。 如果您也遇到这样的人，请谨慎对待他们，因为这就是我要做的。
签署文件 (Signing the Document)
Now that I’d made all the necessary edits and was happy with the agreement, it was time to put on my signature. That’s what would make it valid.
现在，我已经进行了所有必要的编辑，并对协议感到满意，现在该贴上我的签名了。 这就是使它有效的原因。
Before signing a document, there are a few things I look out for. First, I make sure there is actually a space for me to sign. Next, I make sure the other party’s name and signature are already there. Finally, I make sure the date is there and is accurate. If these things aren’t present, I reject the document and ask that it be corrected before I sign it. Without these, there’s no point in putting the agreement in writing for me in the first place.
在签署文档之前，我需要注意一些事项。 首先，我要确保确实有我可以签名的空间。 接下来，我确保对方的姓名和签名已经存在。 最后，我确定日期在那里并且是正确的。 如果没有这些东西，我将拒绝该文档，并要求对其进行更正后再签名。 没有这些，就没有必要以书面形式将协议放在第一位。
For the document I was sent, all those things were present, so I signed it. At the bottom was the company name and signature, followed by my name and a space for me to put my signature.
对于我发送的文件，所有这些东西都存在，所以我签署了它。 底部是公司名称和签名，然后是我的名字和一个供我签名的空格。
Because it was a digital document, there were many options for signing, including drawing a signature, typing a signature, and uploading a picture of a signature. But as I usually do, I chose the option to upload a picture of my signature. I prefer that because I already have a copy of my signature on my laptop for times like this, and all I have to do is upload it to the space for signing on any document when necessary. I got it by signing my signature on a white sheet of paper, scanning it, and cropping to a small size.
因为它是一个数字文档，所以有很多签名选项，包括绘制签名，键入签名以及上传签名图片。 但是像往常一样，我选择了上传签名图片的选项。 我之所以喜欢这样，是因为在这样的时间我已经在笔记本电脑上拥有自己的签名副本，而我所要做的就是在必要时将其上传到用于在任何文档上签名的空间。 我通过在白纸上签名，扫描并将其裁剪为小尺寸来获得。
You don’t have to worry about having your signature look the same each time. In the beginning, I worried so much about this. But later, I found that what’s important is that it is unique — not that it is exact each time I sign it. So until we get a system of signing documents that uses our DNA or something fancy, I recommend using a scanned signature for your digital documents too.
您不必担心每次签名都相同。 一开始，我对此非常担心。 但是后来，我发现重要的是它是唯一的-并非每次我签名都准确。 因此，在我们获得使用DNA或其他奇特的文件签名系统之前，我建议您也对数字文档使用扫描签名。
保存份数 (Saving Copies)
After signing it, a PDF copy of the agreement was immediately sent to my email. Because the other party’s signature was already present in the document, the process was over. The only thing left for me to do was to keep the document somewhere safe.
签署后，该协议的PDF副本立即发送到我的电子邮件中。 由于文档中已经存在另一方的签名，因此该过程结束了。 我唯一要做的就是将文档放在安全的地方。
In the beginning, I created a folder on my laptop where I keep such important documents. But after changing my laptop twice, I realised it wasn’t a good method. I resolved to keep them online instead. And so this is one of the uses of my Google Drive.
一开始，我在笔记本电脑上创建了一个文件夹，用于存放重要文件。 但是在两次更换笔记本电脑之后，我意识到这不是一个好方法。 我决定让他们上网。 这就是我的Google云端硬盘的用途之一。
I have created a folder in my Google Drive where I keep every agreement I have signed. This is important because once it’s saved online, I will always have access to it for future reference. Google Drive is also free to use, so why not?
我已经在Google云端硬盘中创建了一个文件夹，用于保存已签署的所有协议。 这很重要，因为一旦将其在线保存，我将始终可以访问它以供将来参考。 Google云端硬盘也可以免费使用，为什么不呢？
I don’t only do this with digital documents. I save paper documents the same way too. I scan them into PDF documents and then upload them to the same Google Drive folder.
我不仅使用数字文档来执行此操作。 我也以相同的方式保存纸质文档。 我将它们扫描成PDF文档，然后将它们上传到相同的Google云端硬盘文件夹。
If you are going to save important documents online, make sure you are the only one who has access to them. If anyone gets your login details, they can do whatever they want with your documents.
如果要在线保存重要文档，请确保您是唯一有权访问它们的人。 如果有人获得了您的登录详细信息，他们可以对您的文档进行任何操作。
综上所述 (In Summary)
It is one thing to say you’ve come to an agreement with someone and it’s another to actually have it written and locked down with a signature. I didn’t know this in the early stages of my career, so I ended up doing a lot of work for nothing. These days, I don’t allow that to happen to me anymore.
说您已经与某人达成协议是一回事，而实际上是将其写成并用签名锁定则是另一回事。 在我职业生涯的初期我并不知道这一点，所以我最终白白做了很多工作。 这些天来，我不再允许这种情况发生。
I do this simply by making sure that whatever is agreed on is put in a written form and then keeping a copy for myself in a safe place.
我要做的就是简单地确保所有达成一致的内容都以书面形式提交，然后将副本本人保存在安全的地方。
Sometimes, it is challenging to practise all the advice I’ve mentioned here — even for me. It gets to a point where I start asking myself why I go through the trouble. But then I remember the promise I made to myself not to allow anyone to take my work for granted, and I follow the process.
有时，要实践我在这里提到的所有建议都具有挑战性，即使对我而言也是如此。 到了开始我自问为什么会遇到麻烦的地步。 但是后来我记得我对自己做出的承诺，即不要让任何人认为我的工作是理所当然的，并且我遵循了这一过程。
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