二进制算法_本地二进制模式算法：其背后的数学❗️

二进制算法

👉介绍 (👉 Introduction)

The main idea behind LBP is to describe the neighborhood of image elements using binary codes. This method is usually used to study their local properties and identify the characteristics of individual parts of the image.

背后LBP 吨他的主要思想是描述使用二进制代码的图像元素的附近。 此方法通常用于研究其局部属性并识别图像各个部分的特征。

This algorithm is a combination of statistical and structural methods. It was first proposed by T. Ojala, M. Pietikanen, T. Mehpaa from Oulu University in Finland in 1994. It is considered a theoretically time-effective and straightforward method, showing excellent results in many studies.

该算法是统计方法和结构方法的组合。 它最初是由来自芬兰奥卢大学的T. Ojala， M。Pietikanen和T. Mehpaa于1994年提出的。它被认为是一种理论上有效且简单的方法，在许多研究中均显示出优异的结果。

👉如何运作❓ (👉 How it works❓)

As the name suggests, Local Binary Pattern (LBP for short) is a feature of the local representation of an image. It is composed of relative values ​​by comparing each pixel with its neighboring pixels.

顾名思义，局部二进制模式( LBP )是图像局部表示的特征。 它是通过将每个像素与其相邻像素进行比较而由相对值组成的。

The main characteristics of LBP are:

LBP的主要特点是：

1-Low calculation cost

1-低计算成本

2-Resistance to fluctuations in image gray scale values

2-抵抗图像灰度值波动

A lot of improvements have been made since the first proposal in 1994. Especially in non-deep learning systems, it is widely used for facial image recognition, texture segmentation, and other image analysis applications.

自1994年提出第一个建议以来，已经进行了很多改进 。特别是在非深度学习系统中，它广泛用于面部图像识别，纹理分割和其他图像分析应用程序。

The LBP detects microstructures such as edges, lines, spots, flat areas, which can be estimated by the histogram.

LBP检测可以通过直方图估计的微观结构，例如边缘，线条，斑点，平坦区域。

* LBP方法步骤* (*LBP method steps*)

image by the author

作者形象

1- Convert the image into grayscale space.

1-将图像转换为灰度空间。

2- For each pixel(gp) in the image, select the P neighborhoods that surround the central pixel. the coordinates of gp are given by

2-对于图像中的每个像素(gp)，选择围绕中心像素的P个邻域。 gp的坐标为

(gc_x-Rsin(2πp/P),gc_y + Rcos(2πp/P))

3- Take the center pixel (gc) and set it as a threshold for its P neighbors.

3-取中心像素(gc)并将其设置为其P邻居的阈值。

4- Set to 1 if the value of the adjacent pixel is greater than or equal to the value of the center pixel, 0 otherwise.

4-如果相邻像素的值大于或等于中心像素的值，则设置为1，否则设置为0。

5- Now compute the LBP value: Sequentially counterclockwise, write a binary number consisting of digits adjacent to the center pixel. This binary number (or its decimal equivalent) is called LBP-central pixel code and, further, is used as a characteristic selected local texture.

5-现在计算LBP值：逆时针顺序写一个二进制数字，该数字由与中心像素相邻的数字组成。 该二进制数(或其十进制等效数)称为LBP中心像素代码，并且进一步用作特征选择的局部纹理。

Uniform LBP formula

统一的LBP公式

gc-