数据科学中的正则表达式

在字符串向量中查找正则表达式匹配 (Finding Regex Matches in String Vectors)

The grep function takes your regex as the first argument, and the input vector as the second argument. If you pass value=FALSE or omit the value parameter then grep returns a new vector with the indexes of the elements in the input vector that could be (partially) matched by the regular expression. If you pass value=TRUE, then grep returns a vector with copies of the actual elements in the input vector that could be (partially) matched.

grep函数将您的正则表达式作为第一个参数，并将输入向量作为第二个参数。 如果您传递value = FALSE或忽略value参数，则grep返回一个新向量，该向量具有输入向量中元素的索引，该索引可以(部分)与正则表达式匹配。 如果您传递value = TRUE，则grep返回一个向量，该向量包含输入向量中可能(部分)匹配的实际元素的副本。

> grep("a+", c("abc", "def", "cba a", "aa"), perl=TRUE, value=FALSE)
[1] 1     3       4
> grep("a+", c("abc", "def", "cba a", "aa"), perl=TRUE, value=TRUE)
[1] "abc" "cba a" "aa"

The grepl function takes the same arguments as the grep function, except for the value argument, which is not supported. grepl returns a logical vector with the same length as the input vector. Each element in the returned vector indicates whether the regex could find a match in the corresponding string element in the input vector.

grepl函数采用与grep函数相同的参数，但不支持value参数。 grepl返回长度与输入向量相同的逻辑向量。 返回向量中的每个元素都表明正则表达式是否可以在输入向量中的相应字符串元素中找到匹配项。

> grepl("a+", c("abc", "def", "cba a", "aa"), perl=TRUE)
[1] TRUE  FALSE TRUE  TRUE

The regexpr function takes the same arguments as grepl. regexpr returns an integer vector with the same length as the input vector. Each element in the returned vector indicates the character position in each corresponding string element in the input vector at which the (first) regex match was found. A match at the start of the string is indicated with character position 1. If the regex could not find a match in a certain string, its corresponding element in the result vector is -1. The returned vector also has a match.length attribute. This is another integer vector with the number of characters in the (first) regex match in each string, or -1 for stri