友盟受访页面_调整我们如何询问受访者的性别

友盟受访页面

Knowing the gender of our survey respondents is critical to a variety of analyses we do at Pew Research Center. Gender affects how a person sees and is seen by the world. It’s predictive of things like voting behavior, the wage gap and household responsibilities.

了解我们的受访者的性别对于我们在皮尤研究中心进行的各种分析至关重要。 性别影响一个人对世界的看法和看法。 它可以预测投票行为 ， 工资差距和家庭责任等情况 。

On nearly all surveys we conduct in the United States, we ask people, “Are you male or female?” (Or, in Spanish: ¿Es usted hombre o mujer?) While this wording has been the standard question we’ve used for years, we wondered if we could find a new way to ask about gender that would acknowledge changing norms around gender identity and improve data quality and accuracy, while still maintaining the neutrality that defines the Center.

在我们在美国进行的几乎所有调查中，我们都会问人们：“您是男性还是女性？” (或者，西班牙语： “ usted hombre o mujer？” )虽然这个措辞一直是我们多年来使用的标准问题，但我们想知道是否可以找到一种新的方式来询问性别问题，以承认围绕性别认同发生变化的规范并提高数据质量和准确性，同时仍保持定义中心的中立性。

We organized a research team to answer this question and — if the answer turned out to be yes — how we might modify the way we ask about respondents’ gender. Ultimately, we settled on a new version of the question: “Do you describe yourself as a man, a woman, or in some other way?” (Or, in Spanish: ¿Se describe a sí mismo(a) como un hombre, una mujer o de alguna otra manera?)

我们组织了一个研究小组来回答这个问题，如果答案是肯定的，我们将如何修改询问受访者性别的方式。 最终，我们解决了这个问题的新版本：“您将自己描述为男人，女人还是其他人？” (或者用西班牙语： “ Se描述一个混合的，不合法的，不合法的？” )

Here, we detail how and why we came to this decision.

在这里，我们详细说明了我们如何以及为何做出这一决定。

我们考虑了研究中的态度，法律和最佳实践 (We considered attitudes, laws and best practices in research)

Gender is a social construct based on how people see themselves and how others see them. Sex, by contrast, is a biological construct assigned at birth. An estimated 1.4 million U.S. adults are transgender, which is defined in this post as people who identify as neither a man nor a woman (sometimes people in this group use the term “nonbinary”) or those who identify with a gender different from the sex they were assigned at birth. (It is worth noting that some people in this group might use terms other than “transgender” to describe themselves.) Roughly one-in-five U.S. adults know someone who uses a gender neutral pronoun such as “they” instead of “he” or “she,” and 17 states and the District of Columbia have adapted to this evolution in gender identity by adding a nonbinary option to driver’s licenses.

性别是一种基于人们如何看待自己以及他人如何看待自己的社会建构 。 相比之下，性别是出生时分配的生物构造。 估计有140万美国成年人是变性人