of介词短语作定语_2020年高考英语专项突破：代词和介词

小希老师正在给大家带来《2020年高考英语精选考点专项突破题集》。高考延期一个月，同学们有更充分的时间备考了，快来牢牢的夯实基础吧。今天，给大家带来的是2020年高考英语精选考点专项突破：代词和介词。

02 代词和介词

I.单项填空

1.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.

A. ones B. those C. these D. them

【答案】B

【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。

2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.

A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。

3.【2018·北京】14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.

—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.

A. for    B. on    C. in    D. at

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr. Lee见面)。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。

4.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.

A. at first    B. after all

C. above all    D. at random

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他终究去了。A. at first起初；B. after all毕竟，终究。C. above all首先；D. at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面情况相反，故选B。

5.【2018·江苏】33. China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.

A. in line with    B. in reply to C. in return for    D. in honour of

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与...一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为 ... 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。

6.【2017·天津卷】12. When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old.

A. among    B. against    C. behind    D. below

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析： 句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于之间； be against 反对； be behind 在后面； be below在之下。根据句意，故选A。

7.【2017·天津卷】13. We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to word hard.

A. On average     B. At best      C. in return    D. After all

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：句意：我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。A. 平均起来，一般说来    B. 最多，充其量     C. 作为汇报   D. 毕竟，终究。根据句意故选C。

8.【2017·江苏卷】32.Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.

A. in contrast to          B. in defense of     C. in face of        D. in relation to

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为……辩护；C. in face

of面对；D. in relation to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的

技能。故选D。

9.【2017·北京卷】35. Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.

   A. at      B. in      C. on      D. by

【答案】B

【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。

10.【2016·浙江】3. In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.

A. that             B. this          C. one              D. it

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。指代上文的名词education system，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。This表示“近指”，one是泛指可数名词单数，it是特指上文提到的名词。故选A。

11.【2016·天津】2. The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.

  A. out of control      B. out of date     C. out of sight      D. out of reach

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这本字典过时了：自从它被出版，很多单词被增加到这个语言中。A.失去控制；B.过时的；C看不见的；D.够不着的。根据句意，故选B。

12.【2016·浙江】6.That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.

A. Or else       B. In short         C. By the way          D. For one thing

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这个年轻人是诚实的，有合作精神的，当你需要他的帮助的时候，总是在那里。简言之，他是可靠的。A.否则；B.简言之；C.顺便说一下；D.首先。故选B。

13.【2016·浙江】7. The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.

A. on         B. in           C. at           D. about

【答案】B

【解析】句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。The cultures后面是定语从句，省略that，定语从句中cultures作宾语，那么还缺少一个介词，和cultures搭配用介词in，故选B。

14. [2015·福建卷] The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but________ contained any useful suggestions.

A. all　　　 B. none　　　C. either　　　 D. neither

【答案】D　

【解析】句意：基于这项调查，研究小组制作了两份报告，但是这两份报告都没有包含任何有用的建议。all(三者或三者以上)全都；none(三者或三者以上)都不；either两者中的任何一个；neither两者都不。

15．[2015·四川卷]  Niki is always full of ideas，but ________ is useful to my knowledge.

A．nothing     B．no one     C．neither      D．none

【答案】D　

【解析】nothing没有什么；no one没有人；neither两者都不；none(其中)没有一个。句意：Niki总是有很多的主意，但据我所知，没有一个是有用的。根据句意可知选D。

16. [2015·陕西卷] To warm himself, the sailor  sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against________．

A. another     B. the other   C. other       D. either

【答案】B　

【解析】所填词表示“两者中的另一个”，即两脚中的另一只脚，用the other，故选B。句意：为了给自己取暖，这位海员坐在火堆前面，光着的双脚相互摩擦着。

17. [2015·天津卷] The quality of education in this small school is better than ________ in some larger schools.

 A. that  B. one   C. it  D. this

【答案】A　

【解析】句意：这个小型学校的教学质量比一些大一点的学校的教学质量要好。that代替上文提到的“The quality of education”。

18．[2015·浙江卷]  How would you like  ________  if you were watching your favourite TV programme and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

A．them     B．one   C．those     D．it

【答案】D　

【解析】句意：如果你正在看你最喜爱的电视节目，而此时有人进来，连问都不问你，就把电视关掉了，你的感受会如何？这里用it来指代后面if引导的宾语从句，所以选it。it和that都可以替代“the＋单数可数名词或不可数名词”，都是特指，但it指代前面提到的“同一”事物，而that指前面提到的“同类”事物。one替代“a＋可数名词单数”，表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that；the one的复数形式the ones在口语中也常用those代替；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those；当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)，如the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that都是替代“同类”事物，其中只有that可替代不可数名词。

19. [2015·重庆卷] The meeting will be held in September, but________ knows the date for sure.

A. everybody       B. nobody  C. anybody      D. somebody

【答案】B　

【解析】句中的but提示尽管会议定在九月份，但具体日期没人确切知晓。

20.【2015·浙江】3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes         animals both on land and sea?

A. about             B. to               C. with                D. over

【答案】 B

【解析】句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？home to sth 固定搭配，是什么的家园的意思。该句是一个疑问句，其中还含有一个定语从句。比如这个句子转化为陈述句应该是You have ever heard of the trees that are homes         animals both on land and sea? 然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将会是trees are homes         animals both on land and sea. 根据固定搭配自然知道答案是to。

II.语法填空

1.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform  (perform) consistently over a large area.

【答案】of/for

【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。

2.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact.

【答案】of

【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。

3.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear.

【答案】to

【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。

4. 【2019·北京卷·语法填空】First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).

【答案】in

【解析】 in   考查介词的用法，年份前面应该加介词in。

5.【2019·北京】I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.

【答案】myself  

【解析】考查反身代词，此处用作宾语，表示对自己低声说，所以用“myself”。

6. 【2018·全国III】 I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.

【答案】for

【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。

7. 【2018·浙江】 If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ___65___ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.

【答案】for

【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。

8. 【2018·全国I】If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.

【答案】it或running

【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。

9. 【2018·全国III】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive.

【答案】them

【解析】考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。

10. 【2018·浙江】Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___58___ can be to eat out.

【答案】who/that

【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。

【答案】it

【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。

11.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

【答案】 as　

【解析】考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。

12.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.________ work.

【答案】from　

【解析】考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。

13.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]After school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before going to university to get a degree 68.________ engineering or architecture.

【答案】in　

【解析】考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。

14.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using 67.________ every day.

【答案】it　

【解析】考查代词。it指代伦敦地铁。

15.【2016·全国新课标I】On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother.

【答案】its

【解析】考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。

16.【2016·上海】(B)Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no?

【答案】you  

【解析】考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。

17.【2016·四川】By that time, the panda no longer needed 48  (it)mother for food.

【答案】its    

【解析】句意：小熊猫不再需要它妈妈的食物。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。

18.【2016·全国新课标I】But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,

【答案】to  

【解析】考查介词。固定短语：go back to “回到”。

19.【2016·全国新课标II】Most of us are more focused  44  our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.

【答案】on

【解析】考查固定搭配。形容词短语be focused on集中于....；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。

20.【2016·全国新课标III】Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat __70__ their hands.

【答案】with

【解析】考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with。

21.【2016·四川】The mother continued to care for the young panda 47  more than two years.

【答案】for   

【解析】句意：妈妈继续照顾小熊猫两年多。此处表示一段时间，故填for。

22.[2015·全国卷I]A few hours before/earlier， I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with  63.________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.

【答案】 its  

【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里，呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its。

23.【2014新课标全国II】A woman on the bus shouted , “Oh dear “ It is 69 (I)”.

【答案】me /mine

【解析】考查代词。从语境判断此处是做表语，强调“是我的包，或者是我丢了包”，填me或mine。

III.短文改错

1.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal and decided to be a doctor.

【答案】在high前面加at/in

【解析】考查介词。在高中，短语为at/in high school。故在high前面加at/in。

2. 【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty".

【答案】去掉such as后的like

【解析】考查固定短语。such as意为“比方说……”，用来列举，后面无需加上like。故将like去掉。

3.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】From then on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.

【答案】将my去掉 

【解析】考查固定搭配。踢足球的英语表达“play football”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。

4.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.

【答案】yourselves改为themselves

【解析】考查反身代词前后一致。此处指顾客们在这种氛围中会很开心，需用第三人称单数形式的反身代词，且为复数形式。故将yourselves改为themselves。

5. 【2018·全国I】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.

【答案】which改成in which或where　

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词,其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in which或where。

6. 【2018·全国I】At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.

【答案】删除for    

【解析】考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。

but改成and   考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。

7. 【2018·全国II】Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.

【答案】for改为with

【解析】考查介词。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for改为with。

8. 【2018·全国II】They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.

【答案】us改为me

【解析】考查代词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。

9. 【2018·全国III】 I had done myself homework but I was shy.

【答案】myself改成my或the

【解析】考查代词错误。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。

10.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.

【答案】on改为of　

【解析】考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road表示“在路上”， the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。

11. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ]They have also bought for some gardening tools.

【答案】去掉for　

【解析】考查动词搭配。buy为及物动词，不能接介词for。

12.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.

【答案】删去of　

【解析】考查介词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故删去介词of。

13.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ] Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school.

【答案】all改成both或去掉all　

【解析】考查代词的用法。根据语境可知，张家夫妇仅有二人，用both指代。

14.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.

【答案】your → my　

【解析】考查代词。整篇文章都是在说“我”的事情，而且根据前面me可知此处还是指“我的”高中生活。

15.【2016·全国新课标I】Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily.

【答案】our→ his   

【解析】考查代词。根据句意可知此处是指叔叔的生意，用his指代。

16.【2016·全国新课标II】If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.

【答案】your改为our

【解析】考查代词。应该使用our与本句的主语we保持一致。句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。

17.【2016·全国新课标III】At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.

【答案】yourself—myself

【解析】考查反身代词。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为mmyself。

18.【2016·四川】When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.

【答案】her---his    

【解析】句意：在爸爸手里。故把her---his。

19.【2016·浙江】Every time he arrived home at the end of the day ,we’d greet her at the door.

【答案】her改成him

【解析】根据上文可知我们每天在门口迎接爸爸。用him指代my father，作greet的宾语。故her改成him。

20.【2016·全国新课标I】My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.

【答案】 becoming前加of  

【解析】考查介词。  固定短语: dream of 梦想做某事。

21.【2016·全国新课标III】At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.

【答案】to—for

【解析】考查介词。leave sp for sp离开某地前往另一地，college是目的地，故把to改为for。

22.【2016·四川】Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping.

【答案】去掉on    

【解析】固定词组：go shopping 去购物。可知去掉on。

23.【2016·浙江】While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.

【答案】in改成on

【解析】on the top of…为固定搭配，意为“在……顶部”。故in改成on。

24.【2015·四川】If you are me ,would you talk to him?

【答案】him—them

【解析】考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用them而非him。句意为：你会和他们说吗？

25.【2015·浙江】Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.  

【答案】them-it考查代词  

【解析】此处的it指代的是学校。

26.【2015·新课标全国II】Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.

【答案】saw后加his  

【解析】由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw后加his。

27.【2014辽宁】We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.

【答案】our改成your

【解析】句意：我们感谢你们的道歉和祝愿，物主代词错误，our改成your

28.[2014·陕西卷]Neither of the arrows hit the target.

【答案】Neither →None.

【解析】考查代词。此处的箭不是两支，故Neither →None.

29.[2014·四川卷]  If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.

【答案】us---you。

【解析】考查人称代词的用法。your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.根据前面your teacher判断此处指带领“你们”，把us改为you。

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