数学分析闭区间套定理_数学分析原理【加图加注扩充笔记】【Compact】

Compact 紧集

Def. [开覆盖 Open Cover] (2.31)

By an open cover of a set

in a metric space

we mean a collection

of open subsets of

such that

.

Def. [紧致 Compact] (2.32)

A subset

of a metric space

is said to be

compact if every open cover of

contains a

finite subcover.

More explicitly, if

is an open cover of

, then there are

finitely many indices

such that

Theorem [紧致集合的保局部性质] (2.33)

Suppose

. Then

is

compact relative to

if and only if

is

compact relative to

.

Thinking. 利用紧致性的定义，寻找一组在

中的有限开集

，证明这组开集就是在

中的

的开覆盖；反之在

中的有限开集可做

在

中的开覆盖。

核心点在于

中的开集

如何与

中的开集

建立联系（令

即可），让这两者交替担任

的 “开覆盖”，达到传递作用。

Proof. "

": Suppose

is compact relative to

, we will show that

is also compact relative to

.

Let

be a collection of sets, open relative to

, such that

.

By【Theorem 2.30 降临定理】, there are sets

, open relative to

, such that

, for all index

.

Since

is compact relative to

(By suppose), we have

for some choice of finitely many indices

.

Since

, impiles

This proves that

is compact relative to

.

"

": 【逆流而上倒着写一遍即可】Suppose

is compact relative to

, let

be a collection of open subsets of

which covers

, and put

. Then

for some choice of

; and since

, then