GUI:Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面
实现代码:
from numpy import *
from tkinter import *
import regressionTrees
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("TkAgg") # 设定后端为TkAgg
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
def reDraw(tolS, tolN):
reDraw.f.clf() # 清空之前的图像
reDraw.a = reDraw.f.add_subplot(111) # 重新添加子图
if chkBtnVar.get(): # 检查复选框是否选中,确定是模型树还是回归树
if tolN < 2:
tolN = 2
myTree = regressionTrees.createTree(reDraw.rawDat, regressionTrees.modelLeaf, regressionTrees.modelErr, (tolS, tolN))
yHat = regressionTrees.createForeCast(myTree, reDraw.testDat, regressionTrees.modelTreeEval)
else: #回归树
myTree = regressionTrees.createTree(reDraw.rawDat, ops=(tolS, tolN))
yHat = regressionTrees.createForeCast(myTree, reDraw.testDat)
reDraw.a.scatter(array(reDraw.rawDat[:, 0]),array(reDraw.rawDat[:, 1]), s=5) # 画真实值的散点图
reDraw.a.plot(reDraw.testDat, yHat, linewidth=2.0) # 画预测值的直线图
reDraw.canvas.draw()
def getInputs(): # 获取用户输入的值,tolN期望得到整数值,tolS期望得到浮点数,
try:
tolN = int(tolNentry.get()) # 在Entry部件调用get方法,
except:
tolN = 10
print("输入int型数值作为tolN")
tolNentry.delete(0, END)
tolNentry.insert(0, "10")
try:
tolS = float(tolSentry.get())
except:
tolS = 1.0
print("输入浮点型数值作为tolS")
tolSentry.delete(0, END)
tolSentry.insert(0, "1.0")
return tolN, tolS
def drawNewTree(): # 有人点击ReDraw按钮时就会调用该函数
tolN, tolS = getInputs() # 得到输入框的值
reDraw(tolS, tolN)
root = Tk()
# Label(root, text="绘制占位符").grid(row=0, columnspan=3) # 设置文本,第0行,距0的行值为3,
reDraw.f = Figure(figsize=(5,4),dpi=100)
reDraw.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(reDraw.f, master=root)
reDraw.canvas.draw()
reDraw.canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=0, columnspan=3)
Label(root, text="tolN").grid(row=1, column=0)
tolNentry = Entry(root) # Entry为允许单行文本输入的文本框,设置文本框,再定位置第1行第1列,再插入数值
tolNentry.grid(row=1, column=1)
tolNentry.insert(0, "10")
Label(root, text="tolS").grid(row=2, column=0)
tolSentry = Entry(root)
tolSentry.grid(row=2, column=1)
tolSentry.insert(0, "1.0")
Button(root, text="重画", command=drawNewTree).grid(row=1, column=2, rowspan=3) # Botton按钮,设置第1行第2列,列值为3
chkBtnVar = IntVar() # IntVar为按钮整数值小部件
chkBtn = Checkbutton(root, text="模型树", variable=chkBtnVar)
chkBtn.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2)
reDraw.rawDat = mat(regressionTrees.loadDataSet("sine.txt"))
reDraw.testDat = arange(min(reDraw.rawDat[:, 0]), max(reDraw.rawDat[:, 0]), 0.01)
reDraw(1.0, 10)
root.mainloop()
书上源代码有以下错误:
AttributeError: 'FigureCanvasTkAgg' object has no attribute 'show'
解决方法:
将show()改为draw()即可。
ValueError: Masked arrays must be 1-D
解决方法:将矩阵改成数组。
将:
reDraw.a.scatter(reDraw.rawDat[:, 0],reDraw.rawDat[:, 1], s=5)
改为:
reDraw.a.scatter(array(reDraw.rawDat[:, 0]),array(reDraw.rawDat[:, 1]), s=5)
运行结果为:
勾选“模型树”,重画图形:
改变tolN和tolS的值,可以得到不同的回归树和模型树。