matlab中对伺服电机,基于MATLAB仿真的伺服电机动态特性分析

基于MATLAB仿真的伺服电机动态特性分析

摘要：伺服电机(servo motor )是指在伺服系统中控制机械元件运转的发动机，是一种补助马达间接变速装置。伺服电机可使控制速度，位置精度非常准确，可以将电压信号转化为转矩和转速以驱动控制对象。在自动控制系统中，用作执行元件，把所收到的电信号转换成电动机轴上的角位移或角速度输出。分为直流和交流伺服电动机两大类，其主要特点是，当信号电压为零时无自转现象，转速随着转矩的增加而匀速下降。伺服电机的高精度和高效性需要良好的控制系统发挥其作用，本文主要根据伺服电机动态特性方程建立直流伺服电机系统方程，并利用MATLAB中的Simulink组件对系统进行仿真，获得了反映系统性能的曲线，对仿真结果进行了比较分析。结果表明，应用MATLAB进行系统仿真具有方便、高效及可靠性高等优点。

关键词：伺服电机；MATLAB；动态特性

Simulation of servo motors dynamic characteristic analysis based on MATLAB

Abstract:servo motor is the engine to control machine elements operation in the servo system, is a kind of indirect subsidies motor speed device. It can keep the control speed, position precision very accurate; transform the voltage signal into torque and speed to drive the control object. In the automatic control system, it used as actuators, convert the electrical signals received to motor shaft or the angular displacement of the angular velocity and output them. It is divided into two categories: Dc and ac servo motor, its main characteristic is, when the signal voltage is zero there is without rotation phenomenon, and speed decline along with the increase of torque and uniform. Accuracy and efficiency of the Servo motor need good control system, in this paper, according to the dynamic characteristics of the servo motor equation to establish the dc servo motor system equation, and use the Simulation, components of MATLAB, to simulink the system, obtained reflect the system performance curve, and compare the simulation results. It shows that, it is convenient, efficient and high reliability by MATLAB simulation system.

Keywords:servo motor; MATLAB; dynamic behavior

引言：直流伺服电动机具有响应迅速、精度和效率高、调速范围宽、负载能力大、控制特性优良等优点,被广泛应用在闭环或半闭环控制的伺服系统中,其动态性能对整个伺服系统的性能有着重要影响。因此，通过建立直流伺服电动机的动态特性方程，并利用Matlab中的Simulink组件对系统进行仿真，找出影响电机转速的参数，以及主要影响参数对其动态特性的影响，最终来选取合适的值来对直流伺服电机进行控制，具有十分重要的意义。