matlab2016 1935,李英冰农历

基于MATLAB的万年历计算

黄小川(200431610102)

测绘工程专业2004级9班

摘要：运用MATLAB编程实现1936—2032年农历与公历间的相互转换，并求当日是星期几。

关键词：万年历  公历转化为农历  农历转化为公历  求当天是星期几

正文：

1．  概述：知道公历年月日求农历日期，知道农历年月日求公历日期，并求当日是星期几。

2．  相关知识及原理：

公历：公历是现在国际通用的历法,又称格列历,通称阳历。公历将一年分为十二个月，其中一、三、五、七、八、十、十二月有31天，俗称“大月”；四、六、九、十一月有30天；平年二月有28天，闰年二月有29天，这样公历闰年一年有366天，平年有365天。

公历闰年：若一年年数不能被4整除，或能被100整除但不能被400整除，则称这一年为平年，否则为闰年。

农历：农历是基于对地球公转和月相变化的观测的。我国现采用的农历结合了阳历与阴历(伊斯兰历)的记年方法：一年有十二个月，其中6个大月(30天)，6个小月(29天)，一个农历年有354天。

农历闰月：为了平衡公里年与农历年的天数差别，农历采用在适当时候设立闰月的方法，一般三年左右设一闰月，闰月可以是大月，也可以是小月。具体设置原则由节气而定，方法较为复杂。

公历与农历间的转换：公历是纯数学的记年法，而农历是基于观测结果之上的。两者见的转换比较复杂，无法用简单的数学公式表示。因此，这里采用的方法是首先查得1936年至2032年相关的资料，包括：该年农历大年初一到公历元旦的天数、该年农历各月的天数、该年农历有无闰月以及在何处闰月。这样在公历化为农历时，只需算得改日距该年农历大年初一的天数，对应该年农历各月的天数，即可得到农历的月份，及该日在该农历月是第几天；在农历化为公历时，同样，需算得该日距该年元旦的天数，通过类似转化，即可求得公历日期。

求星期数：已知公历求星期数时，计算出改日距一特定日期的天数，则该日星期数=特定日期星期数+距离天数除以7的余数；已知农历时，只需将农历转换为公历，再由公历日期求星期数即可。

3．  实例计算：

3.1数据说明：

runyear                  %1936到该年的闰年数

gongli_year               %公历年数

gongli_mongth            %公历月数

gongli_day               %公历日期

gongli_sumofdays          %公历各月累积天数

gongli_daysofyear          %该日是该公历年的第几天

nongli_year                %农历年数

nongli_month              %农历月数

nongli_day                %农历日期

nongli_sumofdays           %农历各月累积天数

nongli_daysofyear           %该日是该农历年的第几天

3.2MATLAB源程序：

%getdayofweek.m

%由公历日期求星期数

runyear=floor((gongli_year-1933)/4);                         %到1936年的闰年数

weekday=rem((gongli_year-1936-runyear)*365+runyear*366

+gongli_sumofdays(gongli_month)+gongli_day,7)+1;    %求星期数

weekdayoutput=['二','三','四','五','六','日','一'];

fprintf('这一天是星期%s,',weekdayoutput(weekday))

%gongli_input

%输入公历日期

gongli_year=input('请输入一公历个年份:');

while (gongli_year-1936)*(gongli_year-2032)>0;                %输入年份不符合要求

gongli_year=input('猪头！年份应在1936至2032之间，请再输一次:');

end

gongli_month=input('请输入一个公历月份:');

while (gongli_month-1)*(gongli_month-12)>0                  %输入月份不符合要求

gongli_month=input('猪头！月份应在1至12之间，请再输一次:');

end

sign=0;                                                  %判断是否是闰年

if rem(gongli_year,4)==0

sign=sign+1;

end

if sign==1

gongli_sumofdays=[0,31,60,91,121,152,182,213,244,274,305,335,366];

else

gongli_sumofdays=[0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365];

end

gongli_day=input('请输入一个公历日期:');

while  (gongli_day-1)*(gongli_day-(gongli_sumofdays(gongli_month+1)

-gongli_sumofdays(gongli_month)))>0

gongli_day=input('猪头！这个月没有这个日期，请再输一次:');

end

%gongli2gongli.m

%将公历日期转化为农历日期

gongli_daysofyear=gongli_sumofdays(gongli_month)+gongli_day;

%求该日是当公历年的第几天

if gongli_daysofyear

%该日农历年数比公历年数少一

nongli_year=gongli_year-1;

if  rem(gongli_year-1,4)==0

nongli_daysofyear=366+gongli_daysofyear-wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,1);

else nongli_daysofyear=365+gongli_daysofyear-wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,1);

end

else  nongli_year=gongli_year;

%该日农历年数与公历年数相同

nongli_daysofyear=gongli_daysofyear-wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,1);

end

nongli_sumofdays=0;nongli_month=3;

while nongli_daysofyear-1>nongli_sumofdays

nongli_sumofdays=nongli_sumofdays+wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,nongli_month);

nongli_month=nongli_month+1;

end

nongli_day=nongli_daysofyear-(nongli_sumofdays-wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,nongli_month-1));

nongli_month=nongli_month-3;

nongli_tiangan=['庚','辛','壬','癸','甲','乙','丙','丁','戊','已'];

nongli_dizhi=['申','酉','戌','亥','子','丑','寅','卯','辰','巳','午','未'];

if wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,2)~=0&nongli_month>wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,2)

nongli_month=nongli_month-1;

if nongli_month==wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,2)

fprintf('农历%s%s年闰%1.0f月%1.0f日。\n',nongli_tiangan(rem(nongli_year,5)+1),nongli_dizhi(rem(nongli_year,12)+1),nongli_month,nongli_day)

else fprintf('农历%s%s年%1.0f月%1.0f日。\n',nongli_tiangan(rem(nongli_year,5)+1),nongli_dizhi(rem(nongli_year,12)+1),nongli_month,nongli_day)

end

else fprintf('农历%s%s年%1.0f月%1.0f日。\n',nongli_tiangan(rem(nongli_year,5)+1),nongli_dizhi(rem(nongli_year,12)+1),nongli_month,nongli_day)

end

%nongli_input

%输入农历日期

nongli_year=input('请输入一个农历年份:');

while (nongli_year-1936)*(nongli_year-2031)>0;                %输入年份不符合要求

nongli_year=input('猪头！年份应在1936至2031之间，请再输一次:');

end

nongli_month=input('请输入一个农历月份:');

while (nongli_month-1)*(nongli_month-12)>0%输入月份不符合要求

nongli_month=input('猪头！月份应在1至12之间，请再输一次:');

end

if wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,2)==nongli_month     %输入月份和当年闰月相同

answer=input('是闰月吗？(y/n):','s');                          %判断是否为闰月

while answer~='y'&answer~='n'

answer=input('到底是不是啊？(y/n):','s');

end

if answer=='y'

nongli_month=nongli_month+1;

end

elseif wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,2)~=0&wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,2)~=nongli_month

if nongli_month>wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,2)

nongli_month=nongli_month+1;

end

end

nongli_day=input('请输入一个农历日期:');

while (nongli_day-1)*(nongli_day-wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,nongli_month+2))>0

nongli_day=input('猪头！这个月没有这个日期，请再输一次:');

end

sign=0;

if rem(nongli_year,4)==0

sign=sign+1;

end

if sign==1

gongli_sumofdays=[0,31,60,91,121,152,182,213,244,274,305,335,366];

else

gongli_sumofdays=[0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365];

end

gongli_year=nongli_year;

%nongli2gongli

%将农历日期转化为公历日期

nongli_daysofyear=nongli_day;                        %求该日是当农历年的第几天

if nongli_month~=1

for k=1:nongli_month-1

nongli_daysofyear=nongli_daysofyear+wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,k+2);

end

end

gongli_daysofyear=nongli_daysofyear+wannianli_matrix(nongli_year-1935,1);

if gongli_daysofyear>gongli_sumofdays(13)            %该日公历年数比农历年数多一

gongli_daysofyear=gongli_daysofyear-gongli_sumofdays(13);

gongli_year=nongli_year+1;

end

gongli_month=1;

while gongli_daysofyear-1>gongli_sumofdays(gongli_month)

gongli_month=gongli_month+1;

end

gongli_month=gongli_month-1;

gongli_day=gongli_daysofyear-gongli_sumofdays(gongli_month);

getdayofweek

fprintf('%1.0f年%1.0f月%1.0f日',gongli_year,gongli_month,gongli_day)

%wannianli.m

%主程序

wannianli_matrix=[23, 3, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 384

41, 0, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 0, 354

30, 7, 30, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 384

49, 0, 30, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 354

38, 0, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 354

26, 6, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 384

45, 0, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 355

35, 0, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 354

24, 4, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 385

43, 0, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 0, 354

32, 0, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 0, 354

21, 2, 30, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 384

40, 0, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 354

28, 7, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 384

47, 0, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 354

36, 0, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 355

26, 5, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 384

44, 0, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 354

33, 0, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 0, 355

23, 3, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 384

42, 0, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 0, 354

30, 8, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 383

48, 0, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 355

38, 0, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 354

27, 6, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 384

45, 0, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 355

35, 0, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 0, 354

24, 4, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 384

43, 0, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 0, 355

32, 0, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29, 0, 353

20, 3, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29, 384

39, 0, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 355

29, 7, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 384

47, 0, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 354

36, 0, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 0, 355

26, 5, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 384

45, 0, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 0, 354

33, 0, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 0, 354

22, 4, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 384

41, 0, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 354

30, 8, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 384

48, 0, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 0, 354

37, 0, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 355

27, 6, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 384

46, 0, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 0, 355

35, 0, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 0, 354

24, 4, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 384

43, 0, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 0, 354

32, 10, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 384

50, 0, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 354

39, 0, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 0, 354

28, 6, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 384

47, 0, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 0, 355

36, 0, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 0, 355

26, 5, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 30, 384

45, 0, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 0, 354

34, 0, 29, 30, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 0, 354

22, 3, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 383

40, 0, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 355

30, 8, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 384

49, 0, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 29, 0, 354

37, 0, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 0, 355

27, 5, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 384

46, 0, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 0, 354

35, 0, 30, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 0, 354

23, 4, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 384

42, 0, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 354

31, 0, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 355

21, 2, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 384

39, 0, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 354

28, 7, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 385

48, 0, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 0, 354

37, 0, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 0, 354

25, 5, 30, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 384

44, 0, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 354

33, 0, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 354

22, 4, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 384

40, 0, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 355

30, 9, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 384

49, 0, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 354

38, 0, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 0, 355

27, 6, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 384

46, 0, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 0, 354

35, 0, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 0, 354

24, 4, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 384

42, 0, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 354

31, 0, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 0, 355

21, 2, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 384

40, 0, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 0, 354

28, 6, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 384

47, 0, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 0, 354

36, 0, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29, 0, 354

25, 5, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29, 384

43, 0, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 0, 354

32, 0, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0, 355

22, 3, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 384];

%根据天文观测得到的参数矩阵，每一行为一年(1936-2032)

%第一列为当年公历元旦距农历春节的天数

%第二列为当年在哪一个月闰月，若为0则没有闰月

%第三到十五列为每个月的天数(闰月在所闰月的后面)

%第十六列为该年天数(本次编程没有用到)

s=input('请选择你要进行的计算(1/2)：1.由公历算农历2.又农历算公历\n');

while s~=1&s~=2

s=input('猪头！请选择1或2，再输入一次：')

end

switch s

case 1

gongli_input

getdayofweek

gongli2nongli

case 2

nongli_input

nongli2gongli

end

3.3结果输出：

4.结论与讨论：

经过多次实验，本程序进行公农历转化和求星期数的结果基本上符合事实，但在个别日期上会出错，比如1932和2032年附近靠近边界的日期、农历闰月的日期等。

可以加以改进的地方：

1．从农历产生的根源入手，探讨地、月球的运动，计算农历计年的规律，从而无限扩大查询日期的范围。

2．实现可视化和交互式界面，以日历方式输出。

3．加如节日和农历节气的显示。

参考文献

1．  对公历和农历的认识参考百度网www.baidu.com

2．  程序的部分思想及观测矩阵wannianli_matrix参考CSDN社区

http://topic.csdn.net/t/20030106/16/1331826.html