7. 透视投影矩阵

#include<d3d9.h>
#include<d3dx9.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx9.lib")

#define WINDOW_CLASS    "UGPDX"
#define WINDOW_NAME     "Perspective Projection Matrix"
#define WINDOW_WIDTH    640
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT   480

// Function Prototypes...
bool InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd, bool fullscreen);
bool InitializeObjects();
void RenderScene();
void Shutdown();


// Direct3D object and device.
LPDIRECT3D9 g_D3D = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_D3DDevice = NULL;
D3DXMATRIX g_projection;

// Vertex buffer to hold the geometry.
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_VertexBuffer = NULL;

// A structure for our custom vertex type
struct stD3DVertex
{
float x, y, z;
    unsigned long color;
};

// Our custom FVF, which describes our custom vertex structure
#define D3DFVF_VERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)


LRESULT WINAPI MsgProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(msg)
      {
case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
break;

case WM_KEYUP:
if(wParam == VK_ESCAPE) PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
      }

return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE prevhInst, LPSTR cmdLine, int show)
{
// Register the window class
   WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc, 0L, 0L,
                     GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                     WINDOW_CLASS, NULL };
   RegisterClassEx(&wc);

// Create the application's window
   HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(WINDOW_CLASS, WINDOW_NAME, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
100, 100, WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, GetDesktopWindow(),
                            NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL);

// Initialize Direct3D
   if(InitializeD3D(hWnd, false))
      {
// Show the window
         ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
         UpdateWindow(hWnd);

// Enter the message loop
         MSG msg;
         ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(msg));

while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
            {
if(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
                  {
                     TranslateMessage(&msg);
                     DispatchMessage(&msg);
                  }
else
                  RenderScene();
            }
      }

// Release any and all resources.
   Shutdown();

// Unregister our window.
   UnregisterClass(WINDOW_CLASS, wc.hInstance);
return 0;
}


bool InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd, bool fullscreen)
{
   D3DDISPLAYMODE displayMode;

// Create the D3D object.
   g_D3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
if(g_D3D == NULL) return false;

// Get the desktop display mode.
   if(FAILED(g_D3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &displayMode)))
return false;

// Set up the structure used to create the D3DDevice
   D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
   ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));

if(fullscreen)
      {
         d3dpp.Windowed = FALSE;
         d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = WINDOW_WIDTH;
         d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = WINDOW_HEIGHT;
      }
else
      d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
   d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
   d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = displayMode.Format;

// Create the D3DDevice
   if(FAILED(g_D3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd,
             D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &d3dpp, &g_D3DDevice)))
      {
return false;
      }

// Initialize any objects we will be displaying.
   if(!InitializeObjects()) return false;

return true;
}


bool InitializeObjects()
{
// Set the projection matrix.
//生成左手坐标系透视投影矩阵
   D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&g_projection, 45.0f, WINDOW_WIDTH/WINDOW_HEIGHT,
0.1f, 1000.0f);
   g_D3DDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &g_projection);

// Set default rendering states.
   g_D3DDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE);
    g_D3DDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE);


// Fill in our structure to draw an object.
// x, y, z, color.
   stD3DVertex objData[] =
      {
         {-0.3f, -0.3f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,255,0)},
         {0.3f, -0.3f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,0,0)},
         {0.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255)}
//或者如下(距离摄像机越近则越大，反之越小。所以增加xy则需同时则大z)
         /*
         {-10.3f, -10.3f, 100.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,255,0)},
         {10.3f, -10.3f, 100.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,0,0)},
         {0.0f, 10.3f, 100.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255)}
*/
      };


// Create the vertex buffer.
   if(FAILED(g_D3DDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(3 * sizeof(stD3DVertex), 0,
             D3DFVF_VERTEX, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_VertexBuffer, NULL))) return false;

// Fill the vertex buffer.
   void *ptr;
if(FAILED(g_VertexBuffer->Lock(0, sizeof(objData), (void**)&ptr, 0))) return false;
   memcpy(ptr, objData, sizeof(objData));
   g_VertexBuffer->Unlock();

return true;
}


void RenderScene()
{
// Clear the backbuffer.
   g_D3DDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0), 1.0f, 0);

// Begin the scene.  Start rendering.
   g_D3DDevice->BeginScene();

// Bind data to the stream, set fvf so D3D knows how our data
// is made up, then render the object.
      g_D3DDevice->SetStreamSource(0, g_VertexBuffer, 0, sizeof(stD3DVertex));
      g_D3DDevice->SetFVF(D3DFVF_VERTEX);
      g_D3DDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 1);

// End the scene.  Stop rendering.
   g_D3DDevice->EndScene();

// Display the scene.
   g_D3DDevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}


void Shutdown()
{
if(g_D3DDevice != NULL) g_D3DDevice->Release();
if(g_D3D != NULL) g_D3D->Release();
if(g_VertexBuffer != NULL) g_VertexBuffer->Release();

   g_D3DDevice = NULL;
   g_D3D = NULL;
   g_VertexBuffer = NULL;
}