一、大致步骤

通过RMAN备份创建standby数据库大致分为这几个步骤：

（1）设置主数据库为force loggin模式

（2）设置主数据库为archived log模式

（3）配置好主备库的参数文件

（4）两边的密码文件保持一致

（5）配置监听

（6）用参数文件启动standby到nomount状态

（7）通过rman对主库做完全备份

（8）通过rman为standby创建控制文件

（9）通过rman dumplicate命令创建备库

（10）创建完成后，自动将standby 数据库启动到mount状态，并且不会自动启动redo apply


二、实施创建操作


环境：primary数据库名DGWH，standby数据库名DGBJ，db_unique_name=DGWH


在我总结的10步中，前5步骤和使用常规的方式一样，参见我的blog：

http://5073392.blog.51cto.com/5063392/1299100

理论知识：

http://5073392.blog.51cto.com/5063392/1297346


有详细配置步骤，这里省略，从第6步开始。

注意这里我是直接创建好了spfile文件，当修改好了参数文件后可以用create spfile from pfile创建


（1）在备库上使用spfile启动到nomount状态。

SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 318046208 bytes

Fixed Size 1299652 bytes

Variable Size 297798460 bytes

Database Buffers 12582912 bytes

Redo Buffers 6365184 bytes

SQL>


（2）将主库启动到mount状态下，然后用rman连接备份数据库


RMAN> backup database include current controlfile for standby plus archivelog; //注意 备份数据库的同时创建了standby控制文件，并且包含了归档日志。 也可以分开来做例如 backup database ；copy current controlfile for standby to '/tmp/st.ctl'

Starting backup at 22-SEP-13

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=154 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=463 RECID=917 STAMP=826842432

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T224340_93y0k0wl_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T224340 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 22-SEP-13


Starting backup at 22-SEP-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGWH/datafile/o1_mf_system_9361jnkf_.dbf

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGWH/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9361jnkx_.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGWH/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_9361jnol_.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGWH/datafile/o1_mf_users_9361jnpq_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130922T224346_93y0k69f_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T224346 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including standby control file in backup set

including current SPFILE in backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130922T224346_93y0n4ss_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T224346 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 //piece handle生成了3个备份片到/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset

Finished backup at 22-SEP-13


Starting backup at 22-SEP-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

specification does not match any archived log in the recovery catalog

backup cancelled because all files were skipped

Finished backup at 22-SEP-13



（3） 复制备份集到备库

注意：我在这耽误了几个小时，总是报下列的错误，我理解为使用rman搭建不需要像常规方式那样copy数据文件，所以就没有手工复制备份集到备库，我在网上看了很多知名人写的blog都没提到这步，当出现下面错误的时候，我检查目录文件缺少存在，权限也没什么问题，开始以为备份的命令有问题，各种方法试了很多次还是不行，我就尝试是否要要将备份集copy到与主库备份集相同的目录下，终于成功了。。。。

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130922T201417_93xqvgm9_.bkp

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130922T201417_93xqvgm9_.bkp

ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130922T201417_93xqvgm9_.bkp"

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

首先在备库上使用oracle账号创建/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/目录，如果使用root需要修改目录权限。

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area] mkdir -p DGWH/backupset

在主库执行scp命令copy所有的备份片到备库，可以从第2步中得知生成了哪些备份片，也可以通过相关命令查看

[oracle@localhost] cd /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/2013_09_22

[oracle@localhost 2013_09_22]$ scp * 192.168.31.3:/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/2013_09_22

oracle@192.168.31.3's password:

o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T224340_93y0k0wl_.bkp 100% 480KB 479.5KB/s 00:00

o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130922T224346_93y0n4ss_.bkp 100% 13MB 12.6MB/s 00:00

o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130922T224346_93y0k69f_.bkp 100% 1090MB 2.6MB/s 06:53


（4）使用rman连接到主库和备库

[oracle@localhost admin]$ rman target / auxiliary sys/oracle@DGBJ//同时连接到主备库


Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Sun Sep 22 19:41:53 2013


Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


connected to target database: DGWH (DBID=773380365, not open) //显示出主库状态是not open，即mount

connected to auxiliary database: DGWH (not mounted)//显示出备库状态是为not mounted，即nomout

RMAN>

如果监听配置有问题会返回下列错误。

connected to target database: DGWH (DBID=773380365, not open)

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed

RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor


RMAN> duplicate target database for standby;//使用duplicate命令还原


Starting Duplicate Db at 22-SEP-13

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1


contents of Memory Script:

{

restore clone standby controlfile;

sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';

}

executing Memory Script


Starting restore at 22-SEP-13


channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130922T224346_93y0n4ss_.bkp

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130922T224346_93y0n4ss_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T224346

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/controlfile/DGBJ01.ctl //在备库中指定备份 控制文件的路径，duplicate时会自动copy 2份到对应的路径下，因此必须要启动到nomount状态，读取到备库的参数文件

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGBJ/controlfile/DGBJ02.ctl

Finished restore at 22-SEP-13


sql statement: alter database mount standby database


contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for tempfile 1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_temp_9361onbf_.tmp";

switch clone tempfile all;

set newname for datafile 1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_system_9361jnkf_.dbf";

set newname for datafile 2 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9361jnkx_.dbf";

set newname for datafile 3 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_9361jnol_.dbf";

set newname for datafile 4 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_users_9361jnpq_.dbf";

restore

clone database

;

}

executing Memory Script


executing command: SET NEWNAME


renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_temp_9361onbf_.tmp in control file


executing command: SET NEWNAME


executing command: SET NEWNAME


executing command: SET NEWNAME


executing command: SET NEWNAME


Starting restore at 22-SEP-13

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1


channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_system_9361jnkf_.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9361jnkx_.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_9361jnol_.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_users_9361jnpq_.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130922T224346_93y0k69f_.bkp

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DGWH/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130922T224346_93y0k69f_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T224346

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:03:11

Finished restore at 22-SEP-13


contents of Memory Script:

{

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script


datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=826325100 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_system_93g65fcl_.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=826325100 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_93g65fht_.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=826325100 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_93g65fo3_.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=826325100 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGBJ/datafile/o1_mf_users_93g65fqj_.dbf

Finished Duplicate Db at 22-SEP-13


（5）搭建完成验证

主库创建测试表：

SQL> create table test1(id int);

Table created.

SQL> insert into test1 values (1);


1 row created.


SQL> commit;


Commit complete.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered

备库验证：

SQL> alter database open;


Database altered.


SQL> alter database recover managed standby databaSe disconnect from session;//执行redo apply


Database altered.


SQL> select * from test1;


ID

----------

1


如果发现无法同步，请检查密码文件是否一致。