java watir_Java教程Selenium Java 页面元素定位

自动化测试常用操作

1、定位网页上的元素，并存储到一个变量中；2、对变量进行操作，比如点击或输入文字；3、设定页面元素的操作值；

二、定位方法汇总，拉勾IT课小编为大家分析，该元素的技术。

2.1 findElement(s)

click(self, on_element=None)

click_and_hold(self, on_element=None)

context_click(self, on_element=None)

double_click(self, on_element=None)

drag_and_drop(self, source, target)

drag_and_drop_by_offset(self, source, xoffset, yoffset)

key_down(self, value, element=None)

key_up(self, value, element=None)

move_by_offset(self, xoffset, yoffset)

move_to_element(self, to_element)

move_to_element_with_offset(self, to_element, xoffset, yoffset)

pause(self, seconds)

perform(self)

release(self, on_element=None)

reset_actions(self)

send_keys(self, *keys_to_send)

send_keys_to_element(self, element, *keys_to_send)

2.2、selenium.webdriver.common.by

CLASS_NAME = 'class name'

CSS_SELECTOR = 'css selector'

ID = 'id'

LINK_TEXT = 'link text'

NAME = 'name'

PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = 'partial link text'

TAG_NAME = 'tag name'

XPATH = 'xpath'

2.3、selenium.webdriver.common.keys

ADD = 'ue025'

ALT = 'ue00a'

ARROW_DOWN = 'ue015'

ARROW_LEFT = 'ue012'

ARROW_RIGHT = 'ue014'

ARROW_UP = 'ue013'

BACKSPACE = 'ue003'

BACK_SPACE = 'ue003'

CANCEL = 'ue001'

CLEAR = 'ue005'

COMMAND = 'ue03d'

CONTROL = 'ue009'

DECIMAL = 'ue028'

DELETE = 'ue017'

DIVIDE = 'ue029'

DOWN = 'ue015'

END = 'ue010'

ENTER = 'ue007'

EQUALS = 'ue019'

ESCAPE = 'ue00c'

F1 = 'ue031'

F10 = 'ue03a'

F11 = 'ue03b'

F12 = 'ue03c'

F2 = 'ue032'

F3 = 'ue033'

F4 = 'ue034'

F5 = 'ue035'

F6 = 'ue036'

F7 = 'ue037'

F8 = 'ue038'

F9 = 'ue039'

HELP = 'ue002'

HOME = 'ue011'

INSERT = 'ue016'

LEFT = 'ue012'

LEFT_ALT = 'ue00a'

LEFT_CONTROL = 'ue009'

LEFT_SHIFT = 'ue008'

META = 'ue03d'

MULTIPLY = 'ue024'

NULL = 'ue000'

NUMPAD0 = 'ue01a'

NUMPAD1 = 'ue01b'

NUMPAD2 = 'ue01c'

NUMPAD3 = 'ue01d'

NUMPAD4 = 'ue01e'

NUMPAD5 = 'ue01f'

NUMPAD6 = 'ue020'

NUMPAD7 = 'ue021'

NUMPAD8 = 'ue022'

NUMPAD9 = 'ue023'

PAGE_DOWN = 'ue00f'

PAGE_UP = 'ue00e'

PAUSE = 'ue00b'

RETURN = 'ue006'

RIGHT = 'ue014'

SEMICOLON = 'ue018'

SEPARATOR = 'ue026'

SHIFT = 'ue008'

SPACE = 'ue00d'

SUBTRACT = 'ue027'

TAB = 'ue004'

UP = 'ue013'

2.4、selenium.webdriver.Chrome

1、查到单个元素

find_element_by_id

find_element_by_name

find_element_by_xpath

find_element_by_link_text

find_element_by_partial_link_text

find_element_by_tag_name

find_element_by_class_name

find_element_by_css_selector

2、查找多个元素(返回列表)

find_elements_by_name

find_elements_by_xpath

find_elements_by_link_text

find_elements_by_partial_link_text

find_elements_by_tag_name

find_elements_by_class_name

find_elements_by_css_selector

上面的是公有方法，还有两个私有方法是：

find_element()

find_elements()

#这两个方法使用的时候，需要提供两个参数

#一个是By.xx ,这里的xx分别是上面列出的几种定位方法的大写

#比如find_element(By.ID, 'su')

#比如find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'h1')

三、编写实际代码测试

3.1元素定位

// id定位

WebElement username = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));

// name定位

WebElement username = driver.findElement(By.name("username"));

//部分链接文字定位

WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("sog"));

//使用标签名定位

WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.tagName("a"));

//使用class名定位

WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.className("tight"));

//使用xpath定位

WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/input[@value='查询']"));

//上述xpath使用的是绝对路径定位，当页面发生变化时，很容易造成代码失效。

//所以推荐使用相对路径，比如将上述定位改成："//input[@value='查询']"

//如果定位元素是列表时，下标从1开始

// css定位

WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#div > input#ok"));

WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#div > input + a + img"));

WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input:nth-child(2)"));

WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#div :nth-child(2)"));

WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a['href' ^= 'http://www.baidu.com']"));