python绘制动态变化的图_python之matplotlib学习绘制动态更新图实例代码

简介

通过定时器Timer触发事件，定时更新绘图，可以形成动态更新图片。下面的实例是学习《matplotlib for python developers》一文的笔记。

实现

实现代码及简单介绍

通过self.user = self.user[1:] + [temp]，每次删除列表的第一元素，在其尾部添加新的元素。这样完成user数据的动态更新。其他详细的解释见文中的注释部分。 #-*-coding:utf-8-*-

import wx

from matplotlib.figure import Figure

import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager

import numpy as np

from matplotlib.backends.backend_wxagg import \

FigureCanvasWxAgg as FigureCanvas

# wxWidgets object ID for the timer

TIMER_ID = wx.NewId()

# number of data points

POINTS = 300

class PlotFigure(wx.Frame):

"""Matplotlib wxFrame with animation effect"""

def __init__(self):

wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, wx.ID_ANY, title="CPU Usage Monitor", size=(600, 400))

# Matplotlib Figure

self.fig = Figure((6, 4), 100)

# bind the Figure to the backend specific canvas

self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self, wx.ID_ANY, self.fig)

# add a subplot

self.ax = self.fig.add_subplot(111)

# limit the X and Y axes dimensions

self.ax.set_ylim([0, 100])

self.ax.set_xlim([0, POINTS])

self.ax.set_autoscale_on(False)

self.ax.set_xticks([])

# we want a tick every 10 point on Y (101 is to have 10

self.ax.set_yticks(range(0, 101, 10))

# disable autoscale, since we don't want the Axes to ad

# draw a grid (it will be only for Y)

self.ax.grid(True)

# generates first "empty" plots

self.user = [None] * POINTS

self.l_user,=self.ax.plot(range(POINTS),self.user,label='User %')

# add the legend

self.ax.legend(loc='upper center',

ncol=4,

prop=font_manager.FontProperties(size=10))

# force a draw on the canvas()

# trick to show the grid and the legend

self.canvas.draw()

# save the clean background - everything but the line

# is drawn and saved in the pixel buffer background

self.bg = self.canvas.copy_from_bbox(self.ax.bbox)

# bind events coming from timer with id = TIMER_ID

# to the onTimer callback function

wx.EVT_TIMER(self, TIMER_ID, self.onTimer)

def onTimer(self, evt):

"""callback function for timer events"""

# restore the clean background, saved at the beginning

self.canvas.restore_region(self.bg)

# update the data

temp =np.random.randint(10,80)

self.user = self.user[1:] + [temp]

# update the plot

self.l_user.set_ydata(self.user)

# just draw the "animated" objects

self.ax.draw_artist(self.l_user)# It is used to efficiently update Axes data (axis ticks, labels, etc are not updated)

self.canvas.blit(self.ax.bbox)

if __name__ == '__main__':

app = wx.PySimpleApp()

frame = PlotFigure()

t = wx.Timer(frame, TIMER_ID)

t.Start(50)

frame.Show()

app.MainLoop()

运行结果如下所示：

疑问

但程序运行在关闭的时候会出现应用程序错误，不知道什么问题。python不是有垃圾回收机制吗，难道是内存泄露？

猜测的原因可能是在关闭的时候正在绘图故导致应用程序出错。通过添加Frame的析构函数,停止更新则不会出现问题。 def __del__( self ):

t.Stop()

总结

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