ubuntu18.04 PulseAudio蓝牙耳机开启mic的解决办法

一、背景

• 基于Linux音频服务子系统PulseAudio(Linux默认声音服务器）进行音频开发，包括采集（record）和播放（playback）;
• 测试中发现笔记本(ubuntu 18.04)连接蓝牙后无法读取record设备，只能识别到playback设备，经过一番折腾，发现native PulseAudio不支持HSP/HFP, 连接蓝牙耳机后，输入指令pactl list cards查看声卡信息：

查看蓝牙耳机声卡Profiles：
Profiles:
off: Off (sinks: 0, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
a2dp-sink: High Fidelity Playback (A2DP Sink) (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
headset-head-unit: Headset Head Unit (HSP/HFP) (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 0, available: no)

可以看出此时默认只支持A2DP协议，不支持HSP/HFP，解释如下：

• a2dp-sink: High Fidelity Playback (A2DP Sink) (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
  A2DP是单向的，只支持播放（sink)，不支持录制（source);
• headset-head-unit: Headset Head Unit (HSP/HFP) (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 0, available: no)
  HSP/HFP是双向的，同时支持播放（sink)和录制（source);

结论：当前系统环境下无法支持蓝牙耳机录制，就算从PulseAudio Volume Control工具下切换Configuration也是毫无意义的。

二、解决方案

查阅资料发现，可以通过安装pipewire(参考
PipeWire: The Linux audio/video bus)让PulseAudio工作在pipewire上。
详细操作可以参考How to Enable PipeWire Audio Service to Replace PulseAudio in Ubuntu 21.10 & 21.04

步骤如下：

1. 通过ppa安装pipewire

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pipewire-debian/pipewire-upstream
sudo apt install pipewire
sudo apt install libspa-0.2-bluetooth

2. 重启系统

3. 验证pipewire是否正常安装

pactl info

sam@sam-ThinkPad-Edge-E440:~$ pactl info
Server String: /run/user/1000/pulse/native
Library Protocol Version: 32
Server Protocol Version: 35
Is Local: yes
Client Index: 74
Tile Size: 65472
User Name: sam
Host Name: sam-ThinkPad-Edge-E440
Server Name: PulseAudio (on PipeWire 0.3.39)
Server Version: 15.0.0
Default Sample Specification: float32le 2ch 48000Hz
Default Channel Map: front-left,front-right
Default Sink: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
Default Source: alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
Cookie: 2c95:ace7

查看Server Name出现PipeWire说明安装完成
Server Name: PulseAudio (on PipeWire 0.3.39)

4. 查看声卡Profiles

pactl list cards

Profiles:
off: Off (sinks: 0, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
a2dp-sink: High Fidelity Playback (A2DP Sink) (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
headset-head-unit: Headset Head Unit (HSP/HFP) (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 0, available: yes)
a2dp-sink-sbc: High Fidelity Playback (A2DP Sink, codec SBC) (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
headset-head-unit-cvsd: Headset Head Unit (HSP/HFP, codec CVSD) (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 0, available: yes)

现在看到A2DP和HSP/HFP都支持了，现在移步到系统Settings或使用PulseAudio Volume Control工具去配置蓝牙耳机的profile为HSP/HFP，即可使用蓝牙耳机的mic功能。