基于梯度的快速准确头部运动补偿方法在锥束CT中的应用|文献速递-基于深度学习的病灶分割与数据超分辨率

Title

题目

A gradient-based approach to fast and accurate head motion compensation in cone-beam CT

基于梯度的快速准确头部运动补偿方法在锥束CT中的应用

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文献速递介绍

锥束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）系统在灵活性方面比螺旋多排探测器计算机断层扫描（MDCT）扫描仪具有决定性优势。MDCT系统是固定的，患者需要从护理点被转移到位于医院不同区域的成像设备处，这对危重患者来说可能是个问题，因为在多达70%的病例中存在不良反应的风险。此外，将患者转移到成像设备处需要时间，并且需要医护人员陪同。因此，专门的便携式CBCT被认为是直接护理点成像的一种替代选择，例如用于头部成像。同样，急性中风症状患者到达医院时需要进行头部成像。在这种情况下，因将患者转移到MDCT扫描仪而导致的任何延误都会对患者的预后产生严重的不利影响。对于急性缺血性中风患者，尽早进行血管内治疗至关重要。症状出现后150分钟，患者在每增加一小时后，无任何功能障碍地恢复中风的概率会下降10%到20%。将患者直接送到血管造影室并进行CBCT扫描，可以在不延迟的情况下立即启动血管内手术，这有望显著加快工作流程并改善患者的预后。

尽管CBCT具有这些优势，但在中风或ICU床旁成像的临床工作流程中集成CBCT系统仍面临挑战。主要原因之一是患者运动，这可能导致重建图像的严重退化。相比于现代MDCT扫描仪每次旋转约0.4秒的扫描时间，平均一次CBCT扫描需要4到30秒，因此非自主运动对CBCT重建的影响更为显著。Cancelliere等人显示，在310名因急性中风症状到达医院并在血管造影室接受非增强CBCT的患者中，51%出现了运动伪影，11%的图像因退化程度严重而无法进行临床解读。因此，为成功将CBCT系统集成到危重病人或中风患者的临床工作流程中，迫切需要一种可靠的方法来防止运动伪影的产生。

Aastract

摘要

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)systems, with their flexibility, present a promising avenuefor direct point-of-care medical imaging, particularly in critical scenarios such as acute stroke assessment. However,the integration of CBCT into clinical workflows faces challenges, primarily linked to long scan duration resulting inpatient motion during scanning and leading to image quality degradation in the reconstructed volumes. This paperintroduces a novel approach to CBCT motion estimationusing a gradient-based optimization algorithm, which leverages generalized derivatives of the backprojection operatorfor cone-beam CT geometries. Building on that, a fullydifferentiable target function is formulated which gradesthe quality of the current motion estimate in reconstructionspace. We drastically accelerate motion estimation yieldinga 19-fold speed-up compared to existing methods. Additionally, we investigate the architecture of networks usedfor quality metric regression and propose predicting voxelwise quality maps, favoring autoencoder-like architecturesover contracting ones. This modification improves gradientflow, leading to more accurate motion estimation. The presented method is evaluated through realistic experimentson head anatomy. It achieves a reduction in reprojectionerror from an initial average of 3 mm to 0.61 mm after motioncompensation and consistently demonstrates superior performance compared to existing approaches. The analyticJacobian for the backprojection operation, which is at thecore of the proposed method, is made publicly available.In summary, this paper contributes to the advancementof CBCT integration into clinical workflows by proposinga robust motion estimation approach that enhances efficiency and accuracy, addressing critical challenges in timesensitive scenarios.

锥束计算机断层扫描