实验6:设备注册
注册在虚拟总线之上,平台设备中注册设备,然后编写驱动注册程序。
注册方法:修改平台文件【/arch/arm/mach-exynos/mach-itop4412.c】,向平台文件中添加需要注册的设备结构体【platform_device】。系统启动时,平台设备自动注册该设备。
实验7:驱动注册
注册方法:
- 编写platform_driver结构体,该结构体中的name成员和上面platform_device的name保持一致
- 调用platform_driver_register()函数注册驱动
实验8:生成设备节点
目的:使用杂项设备,生成设备节点
方法:
- 编写file_operation结构体,并初始化,作为该设备节点的操作方法。
- 编写miscdevice结构体,并初始化,该结构体中的name是设备节点的名称。
- 调用misc_register注册设备节点。
补充:杂项设备主设备号是10。
实验11:实现TFTP文件传输
tftp:简单文件传输协议,属于TCP/IP协议族,用于客户机和服务器之间传输文件的协议,简单,开销不大。
目的:用于传输下载测试代码
方法:
- 安装xinetd tftp tftpd 软件【apt-get install xinetd tftp tftpd】
- 新建文件【vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp】【文件内容:后面】
- 新建文件夹【mkdir /var/tftpboot】
- 重启xinetd服务,【sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd restart】
使用测试:
- 在目录/var/tftpboot中添加文件test,并输入一定内容
- 查看开发板ip,和Ubuntu主机在同一个网段。【ifconfig 】
- 开发板ping主机,通过
- 将test文件下载到开发板【开发板超级终端输入命令:tftp -g -l test1 -r test 192.168.0.101】
- 查看test1内容。
附录:/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件内容
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/tftpboot/
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
实验14:LED驱动
方法:
- 首先需要剪裁掉内核中原有的LED驱动。但是需要保留平台文件中插入的platform_device数据结构,应为需要注册设备
- 然后编写驱动模块,注册驱动。包括:驱动注册,生成设备节点,添加驱动操作方法
补充:
- /sys/devices/platform中查看是否注册了设备;
- insmod XX.ko rmmd XX lsmod等命令
实验17-20:字符设备注册
17-18申请设备号:【通常使用动态申请主设备号】
register_chrdev_region(dev_t first,unsigned int count,char *name);
alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned int baseminor, int count, const char *name);
if(numdev_major){
num_dev = MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor);
ret = register_chrdev_region(num_dev,DEVICE_MINOR_NUM,DEVICE_NAME);
}
else{
/*动态注册设备号*/
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&num_dev,numdev_minor,DEVICE_MINOR_NUM,DEVICE_NAME);
/*获得主设备号*/
numdev_major = MAJOR(num_dev);
printk(KERN_EMERG "adev_region req %d !\n",numdev_major);
}
19注册字符设备:【分配并注册cdev结构体】
void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev,struct file_operations *fops);//分配cdev内存
//初始化cdev其他字段,
int cdev_add(struct cdev *dev,dev_t num, unsigned int count);
static void reg_init_cdev(struct reg_dev *dev,int index){
int err;
int devno = MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor+index);
/*数据初始化*/
cdev_init(&dev->cdev,&my_fops);
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
dev->cdev.ops = &my_fops;
/*注册到系统*/
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev,devno,1);
if(err){
printk(KERN_EMERG "cdev_add %d is fail! %d\n",index,err);
}
else{
printk(KERN_EMERG "cdev_add %d is success!\n",index);
}
}
20创建设备节点【创建class,并向class里面添加设备节点】
struct class *class_create(struct module *owner, const char *name);
struct device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent,dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char *fmt, ...);
myclass = class_create(THIS_MODULE,DEVICE_NAME);
device_create(myclass,NULL,MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor+i),NULL,DEVICE_NAME"%d",i);
实验21:字符驱动
编写设备节点的file_operations结构体
struct file_operations my_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = chardevnode_open,
.release = chardevnode_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = chardevnode_ioctl,
.read = chardevnode_read,
.write = chardevnode_write,
.llseek = chardevnode_llseek,
};
实验22:字符类GPIO设备控制【申请GPIO,设置GPIO,并在ioctl中控制IO】
static int gpio_init(void){
int i=0,ret;
for(i=0;i<LED_NUM;i++){
ret = gpio_request(led_gpios[i], "LED");
if (ret) {
printk("%s: request GPIO %d for LED failed, ret = %d\n", DEVICE_NAME,i,ret);
return -1;
}
else{
s3c_gpio_cfgpin(led_gpios[i], S3C_GPIO_OUTPUT);
gpio_set_value(led_gpios[i], 1);
}
}
return 0;
}
static long chardevnode_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg){
switch(cmd)
{
case 0:
case 1:
if (arg > LED_NUM)
return -EINVAL;
gpio_set_value(led_gpios[arg], cmd);
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
printk(KERN_EMERG "chardevnode_ioctl is success! cmd is %d,arg is %d \n",cmd,arg);
return 0;
}
附录:
/*包含初始化宏定义的头文件,代码中的module_init和module_exit在此文件中*/
#include <linux/init.h>
/*包含初始化加载模块的头文件,代码中的MODULE_LICENSE在此头文件中*/
#include <linux/module.h>
/*定义module_param module_param_array的头文件*/
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
/*定义module_param module_param_array中perm的头文件*/
#include <linux/stat.h>
/*三个字符设备函数*/
#include <linux/fs.h>
/*MKDEV转换设备号数据类型的宏定义*/
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
/*定义字符设备的结构体*/
#include <linux/cdev.h>
/*分配内存空间函数头文件*/
#include <linux/slab.h>
/*包含函数device_create 结构体class等头文件*/
#include <linux/device.h>
/*自定义头文件*/
#include "char_driver_leds.h"
/*Linux中申请GPIO的头文件*/
#include <linux/gpio.h>
/*三星平台的GPIO配置函数头文件*/
/*三星平台EXYNOS系列平台,GPIO配置参数宏定义头文件*/
#include <plat/gpio-cfg.h>
/*三星平台4412平台,GPIO宏定义头文件*/
#include <mach/gpio-exynos4.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
/*声明是开源的,没有内核版本限制*/
MODULE_AUTHOR("iTOPEET_dz");
/*声明作者*/
static int led_gpios[] = {
EXYNOS4_GPL2(0),EXYNOS4_GPK1(1),
};
#define LED_NUM ARRAY_SIZE(led_gpios)
int numdev_major = DEV_MAJOR;
int numdev_minor = DEV_MINOR;
/*输入主设备号*/
module_param(numdev_major,int,S_IRUSR);
/*输入次设备号*/
module_param(numdev_minor,int,S_IRUSR);
static struct class *myclass;
struct reg_dev *my_devices;
/*打开操作*/
static int chardevnode_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
printk(KERN_EMERG "chardevnode_open is success!\n");
return 0;
}
/*关闭操作*/
static int chardevnode_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
printk(KERN_EMERG "chardevnode_release is success!\n");
return 0;
}
/*IO操作*/
static long chardevnode_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg){
switch(cmd)
{
case 0:
case 1:
if (arg > LED_NUM) {
return -EINVAL;
}
gpio_set_value(led_gpios[arg], cmd);
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
printk(KERN_EMERG "chardevnode_ioctl is success! cmd is %d,arg is %d \n",cmd,arg);
return 0;
}
ssize_t chardevnode_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_ops){
return 0;
}
ssize_t chardevnode_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_ops){
return 0;
}
loff_t chardevnode_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int ence){
return 0;
}
struct file_operations my_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = chardevnode_open,
.release = chardevnode_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = chardevnode_ioctl,
.read = chardevnode_read,
.write = chardevnode_write,
.llseek = chardevnode_llseek,
};
/*设备注册到系统*/
static void reg_init_cdev(struct reg_dev *dev,int index){
int err;
int devno = MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor+index);
/*数据初始化*/
cdev_init(&dev->cdev,&my_fops);
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
dev->cdev.ops = &my_fops;
/*注册到系统*/
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev,devno,1);
if(err){
printk(KERN_EMERG "cdev_add %d is fail! %d\n",index,err);
}
else{
printk(KERN_EMERG "cdev_add %d is success!\n",numdev_minor+index);
}
}
static int gpio_init(void){
int i=0,ret;
for(i=0;i<LED_NUM;i++){
ret = gpio_request(led_gpios[i], "LED");
if (ret) {
printk("%s: request GPIO %d for LED failed, ret = %d\n", DEVICE_NAME,i,ret);
return -1;
}
else{
s3c_gpio_cfgpin(led_gpios[i], S3C_GPIO_OUTPUT);
gpio_set_value(led_gpios[i], 1);
}
}
return 0;
}
static int scdev_init(void)
{
int ret = 0,i;
dev_t num_dev;
printk(KERN_EMERG "numdev_major is %d!\n",numdev_major);
printk(KERN_EMERG "numdev_minor is %d!\n",numdev_minor);
if(numdev_major){
num_dev = MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor);
ret = register_chrdev_region(num_dev,DEVICE_MINOR_NUM,DEVICE_NAME);
}
else{
/*动态注册设备号*/
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&num_dev,numdev_minor,DEVICE_MINOR_NUM,DEVICE_NAME);
/*获得主设备号*/
numdev_major = MAJOR(num_dev);
printk(KERN_EMERG "adev_region req %d !\n",numdev_major);
}
if(ret<0){
printk(KERN_EMERG "register_chrdev_region req %d is failed!\n",numdev_major);
}
myclass = class_create(THIS_MODULE,DEVICE_NAME);
my_devices = kmalloc(DEVICE_MINOR_NUM * sizeof(struct reg_dev),GFP_KERNEL);
if(!my_devices){
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto fail;
}
memset(my_devices,0,DEVICE_MINOR_NUM * sizeof(struct reg_dev));
/*设备初始化*/
for(i=0;i<DEVICE_MINOR_NUM;i++){
my_devices[i].data = kmalloc(REGDEV_SIZE,GFP_KERNEL);
memset(my_devices[i].data,0,REGDEV_SIZE);
/*设备注册到系统*/
reg_init_cdev(&my_devices[i],i);
/*创建设备节点*/
device_create(myclass,NULL,MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor+i),NULL,DEVICE_NAME"%d",i);
}
ret = gpio_init();
if(ret){
printk(KERN_EMERG "gpio_init failed!\n");
}
printk(KERN_EMERG "scdev_init!\n");
/*打印信息,KERN_EMERG表示紧急信息*/
return 0;
fail:
/*注销设备号*/
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor),DEVICE_MINOR_NUM);
printk(KERN_EMERG "kmalloc is fail!\n");
return ret;
}
static void scdev_exit(void)
{
int i;
printk(KERN_EMERG "scdev_exit!\n");
/*除去字符设备*/
for(i=0;i<DEVICE_MINOR_NUM;i++){
cdev_del(&(my_devices[i].cdev));
/*摧毁设备节点函数d*/
device_destroy(myclass,MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor+i));
}
/*释放设备class*/
class_destroy(myclass);
/*释放内存*/
kfree(my_devices);
/*释放GPIO*/
for(i=0;i<LED_NUM;i++){
gpio_free(led_gpios[i]);
}
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(numdev_major,numdev_minor),DEVICE_MINOR_NUM);
}
module_init(scdev_init);
/*初始化函数*/
module_exit(scdev_exit);
/*卸载函数*/
总结:
字符设备驱动开发有两种方式,一种是注册在平台总线上,使用杂项设备注册函数注册。另外一种是自己手动注册。
1、杂项设备注册
int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *);
-->int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);
-->gpio_xxx();
-->int misc_register(struct miscdevice * misc);
2、手动注册
xxx_init();
-->alloc_chrdev_region(); or register_chrdev_region();
-->myclass=class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEVICE_NAME);
-->cdev_init(); or cdev_alloc() +dev->ops=&fops;
-->cdev_add();
-->device_create();
-->gpio_xxx();