2D射击游戏
本科上unity课的一个算是大作业的东西吧，把它从有道笔记上统到博客上
生成敌人
Instantiate(m_enemy,m_transform.position,Quaternion.identity);
飞船控制
void Update () {
float movev=0;
float moveh=0;
if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.UpArrow)){
movev-=speed*Time.deltaTime*10;
}
if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.DownArrow)){
movev+=speed*Time.deltaTime*5;
}
if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftArrow)){
moveh+=speed*Time.deltaTime*8;
}
if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.RightArrow)){
moveh-=speed*Time.deltaTime*8;
}
m_transform.Translate(new Vector3(moveh,0,movev));
m_rocketRate-=Time.deltaTime;
if(m_rocketRate<=0){
m_rocketRate=0.3f;
if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Space) || (Input.GetMouseButton(0)))
{
Instantiate(m_rocket,m_transform.position,m_transform.rotation);
m_audio.PlayOneShot(m_shootClip);
}
}
}
GUI
void OnGUI(){
GUI.skin.label.fontSize=48;
GUI.skin.label.alignment=TextAnchor.LowerCenter;
GUI.Label(new Rect(0,30,Screen.width,100),"SpaceWar");
if(GUI.Button(new Rect(Screen.width*0.5f-100,Screen.height*0.7f,200,30),"Start!")){
Application.LoadLevel("level1");
}
}
检测碰撞
void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
{
if(other.tag.CompareTo("bound")==0)
{
m_life=0;
Destroy(this.gameObject);
}
else if(other.tag.CompareTo("PlayerRocket")==0)
{
Rocket rocket = other.GetComponent<Rocket>();
if(rocket!=null)
{
m_life-=rocket.m_power;
if(m_life<=0)
{
Destroy(this.gameObject);
}
}
}
else if(other.tag.CompareTo("Player")==0)
{
m_life=0;
Destroy(this.gameObject);
}
if(m_life<=0){
GameManager.Instance.AddScore(m_point);
Instantiate(m_explosionFX,m_transform.position,Quaternion.identity);
Destroy(this.gameObject,0.1f);
}
}
NO.2 第一人称射击
3D碰撞
- 为场景添加碰撞体(实现物理碰撞)Component->Physics->Mesh Collider
制作空主角（GameObject->Create Empty）,Tag设为Player
Tag在Edit->Project Setting中设置 - 为主角添加角色控制器Physics->Character Controller,与场景碰撞产生交互（调整其碰撞体位置和大小，使主角覆盖）
- 主角刚体组件Rigidbody 取消重力选项Use Gravity和Is Kinematic使其不受物理演算影响
控制主角
public class Player : MonoBehaviour {
//摄像机的Transform
Transform m_camTransform;
//摄像机旋转角度
Vector3 m_camRot;
//摄像机高度（主角高度）
float m_camHeight = 1.4f;
//主角Transform
public Transform m_transform;
//角色控制器组件
CharacterController m_ch;
float m_movSpeed=6.0f;//移动速度
float m_gravity=2.0f;//重力
public int m_life=5;//生命值
Transform m_muzzlepoint;//枪口
public LayerMask m_layer;//射击时，射线能碰到的碰撞层
public Transform m_fx;//射中目标后的粒子效果
public AudioClip m_audio;//射击音效
float m_shootTimer=0;//射击间隔时间计时器
void Start () {
m_transform = this.transform;
m_ch = this.GetComponent<CharacterController> ();//获取角色控制器组件
//初始化摄像机，并锁定鼠标
m_camTransform = Camera.main.transform;//获取摄像机
//初始化摄像机位置
Vector3 pos = m_transform.position;
pos.y += m_camHeight;
m_camTransform.position = pos;
//摄像机旋转方向与主角一致
m_camTransform.rotation = m_transform.rotation;
m_camRot = m_camTransform.eulerAngles;
//锁定鼠标
Screen.lockCursor = true;
m_muzzlepoint = m_camTransform.Find ("M16/weapon/muzzlepoint").transform;//获取枪口位置
}
void Update () {//判断生命值是否为0
if (m_life <= 0)
return;
Control ();
m_shootTimer -= Time.deltaTime;//更新射击间隔时间
if (Input.GetMouseButton (0) && m_shootTimer <= 0)//鼠标左键射击 {
m_shootTimer = 0.1f;
//射击音效
this.GetComponent<AudioSource> ().PlayOneShot(m_audio);
GameManager.Instance.SetAmmo (1);//减少弹药，更新弹药UI
RaycastHit info;//保存射线的探测结果
Bool hit=Physics.Raycast(m_muzzlepoint.position, m_camTransform.TransformDirection (Vector3.forward), out info, 100, m_layer);//射线只能与m_layer所指定的层碰撞
if (hit) {
if (info.transform.tag.CompareTo ("enemy") == 0)//如果射中了Tag为enemy的游戏体 {
Enemy enemy = info.transform.GetComponent<Enemy> ();
enemy.OnDamage (1);//减少敌人生命
}
Instantiate (m_fx, info.point, info.transform.rotation);//在射中的地方释放一个粒子效果
}
}
}
void Control (){
//旋转摄像机，与主角位置保持一致
//获取鼠标距离
float rh = Input.GetAxis ("Mouse X");
float rv = Input.GetAxis ("Mouse Y");
//旋转摄像机
m_camRot.x -= rv*5;
m_camRot.y += rh*5;
m_camTransform.eulerAngles = m_camRot;
//主角面向方向与摄像机一致
Vector3 camrot = m_camTransform.eulerAngles;
camrot.x = 0;
camrot.z = 0;
m_transform.eulerAngles = camrot;
//摄像机位置与主角一致
Vector3 pos = m_transform.position;
pos.y += m_camHeight;
m_camTransform.position = pos;
//控制移动的三个值xm，ym，zm
float xm = 0, ym = 0, zm = 0;
ym -= m_gravity * Time.deltaTime;//重力
//控制上下左右运动W,S,A,D
if (Input.GetKey (KeyCode.W)) {
zm += m_movSpeed * Time.deltaTime;
}
else if (Input.GetKey (KeyCode.S)) {
zm -= m_movSpeed * Time.deltaTime;
}
if (Input.GetKey (KeyCode.A)) {
xm -= m_movSpeed * Time.deltaTime;
}
else if (Input.GetKey (KeyCode.D)) {
xm += m_movSpeed * Time.deltaTime;
}
//使用角色控制器提供的Move函数进行移动，它会自动检测碰撞(局部坐标变为世界坐标)
m_ch.Move (m_transform.TransformDirection (new Vector3 (xm, ym, zm)));
}
绑定武器
- 摄像机位置和旋转都设置为0
- Clipping Planes/Near设为0.1，看到近处物体
- 武器Prefab设置位置和旋转为0，处于摄像机层级下方，调整M16（武器）下一层级的weapon的位置角度
敌人 - 寻路，场景模型（level）确定Inspector中Static下拉菜单Navigation Static被选中，便于寻路
- 打开Window->Navigation
【Object】：若取消选中Nav Static，模型则不会被用作计算
【Bake】：Radius和Height寻路者半径和高度
Max Slope最大坡度
Step Height楼梯最大高度
Drop Height寻路者跳落的最大高度极限
Jump Distance寻路者跳跃距离极限 - 选择Bake对地形进行计算
- 敌人Prefab，Component->Nav Mesh * * Agent将寻路组件指定给敌人（Radius和Height寻路者的半径和高度，Speed最大运动速度，Angular Speed最大旋转速度）
Enemy脚本
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class Enemy : MonoBehaviour {
Transform m_transform;
Player m_player; //主角
UnityEngine.AI.NavMeshAgent m_agent; //寻路组件
float m_movespeed=1.5f; //移动速度
Animator m_ani;//动画组件
float m_rotSpeed=30;//角色旋转速度
float m_timer=2;//计时器
int m_life=5;//生命值
protected EnemySpawn m_spawn;
void Start () {
m_transform = this.transform;
m_ani = this.GetComponent<Animator> ();//获取动画组件
m_player =GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag ("Player").GetComponent<Player> ();//获得主角
m_agent = GetComponent<UnityEngine.AI.NavMeshAgent> ();//获得寻路组件
m_agent.speed = m_movespeed; //寻路器的行走速度
m_agent.SetDestination (m_player.transform.position); //设置寻路目标
}
RotateTo函数使敌人始终转向面向主角的角度
void RotateTo(){
Vector3 targetdir = m_player.transform.position - m_transform.position;//获取目标方向
Vector3 newDir = Vector3.RotateTowards (transform.forward, targetdir, m_rotSpeed * Time.deltaTime, 0.0f);//计算出新方向
m_transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation (newDir);//旋转至新方向（四元数）
}
敌人攻击和死亡（为敌人添加碰撞体Capsule Collider）
public void OnDamage(int damage){
m_life -= damage;
print (m_life);
if (m_life <= 0)
m_ani.SetBool ("death", true);
}
void Update () {
if (m_player.m_life <= 0)//如果主角生命为0
return;
AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo = m_ani.GetCurrentAnimatorStateInfo (0);//获取当前动画状态
if (stateInfo.nameHash == Animator.StringToHash ("Base Layer.idle") && !m_ani.IsInTransition (0))//若处于待机状态 {
m_ani.SetBool ("idle", false);
//待机一定时间
m_timer -= Time.deltaTime;
if (m_timer > 0)
return;
if (Vector3.Distance (m_transform.position, m_player.m_transform.position) < 1.5f)//若距离主角小于1.5米，进入攻击动画状态{
m_ani.SetBool ("attack", true);
}
else{
m_timer = 1;//重置定时器
m_agent.SetDestination (m_player.m_transform.position);//设置寻路目标点
m_ani.SetBool ("run", true);//进入跑步动画状态
}
}
if (stateInfo.nameHash == Animator.StringToHash ("Base Layer.run") && !m_ani.IsInTransition (0))//跑步状态 {
m_ani.SetBool ("run", false);
m_timer -= Time.deltaTime;//每隔1秒重新定位主角位置
if (m_timer < 0) {
m_agent.SetDestination (m_player.m_transform.position);
m_timer = 1;
}
if (Vector3.Distance (m_transform.position, m_player.m_transform.position) < 1.5f)//如果距离主角小于1.5米，向主角攻击 {
m_agent.Stop();//停止寻路
m_ani.SetBool ("attack", true);//进入攻击状态
}
}
if (stateInfo.nameHash == Animator.StringToHash ("Base Layer.attack") && !m_ani.IsInTransition (0)) //攻击状态{
RotateTo ();//面向主角
m_ani.SetBool ("attack", false);
//如果动画播放完，重新进入待机状态
if(stateInfo.normalizedTime>=1.0f){
m_ani.SetBool ("idle", true);
m_timer = 2;//重置计时器
m_player.OnDamage (1);//更新主角的生命
}
}
if (stateInfo.nameHash == Animator.StringToHash ("Base Layer.death") && !m_ani.IsInTransition (0))//死亡状态 {
if (stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 1.0f) {
m_spawn.m_enemyCount--;//更新敌人计数
GameManager.Instance.SetScore (100);//加分
Destroy (this.gameObject);//销毁
}
}
}
public void Init(EnemySpawn spawn)
{
m_spawn = spawn;
m_spawn.m_enemyCount++;
}
}
设置动画
- 敌人Prefab，组件Animator，取消选择Apply Root Motion，利用脚本控制动画
- Windows->Animator，Parameters旁边的+，选择Bool,创建四个Bool值idle、run、attack、death；
- 选择连线，如待机->跑步，在Conditions中将动画过渡条件设为run，bool值run设为true
- 交互：添加碰撞层enemy和level，将enemy层指定给敌人；再创建Tag（enemy），指定给敌人；
- 主角游戏体，添加Audio Source，Player脚本中将Layer设为enemy和level，射线可以击中敌人和场景，* Audio中加shot.WAV；
- 创建AutoDestroy，指定给FX.Prefab
public float m_timer=1.0f;
void Start () {
Destroy (this.gameObject, m_timer);
}
敌人出生，创建空物体，指定↓脚本并关联敌人的prefab
public class EnemySpawn : MonoBehaviour {
public Transform m_enemy;
public int m_enemyCount = 0;
public int m_maxEnemy = 3;
public float m_timer=0;
protected Transform m_transform;
void Start () {
m_transform = this.transform;
}
void Update () {
if (m_enemyCount >= m_maxEnemy)//最大值
return;
//设定间隔时间
m_timer -= Time.deltaTime;
if (m_timer <= 0) {
m_timer = Random.value * 15.0f;
if (m_timer < 5)
m_timer = 5;
Transform obj = (Transform)Instantiate (m_enemy, m_transform.position, Quaternion.identity);//生成敌人
Enemy enemy = obj.GetComponent<Enemy> ();//获取敌人脚本
enemy.Init (this);//初始化敌人
}
}
}
小地图
- 创建新的Camera，使其在场景上方垂直向下，Projection：Orthographic，取消透视并调整Size值，调整Viewport Rect
- 创建球体dummy，设为红色材质，将球体的Sphere Collider去掉（不需要实体）
- 创建Layer（dummy），设置球体的Layer为dummy，将球体置于敌人prefab层级下
- 选择主摄像机，取消显示dummy层；小地图摄像机，只显示level和dummy，指定脚本
public class MiniCamera : MonoBehaviour {
Camera m_camera;
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
float ratio = (float)Screen.width / (float)Screen.height;
m_camera=this.GetComponent<Camera> ();
m_camera.rect = new Rect ((1 - 0.2f), (1 - 0.2f * ratio), 0.2f, 0.2f * ratio);
}
}
No.3 塔防
游戏场景
- Tool->Tile Creator设置格子大小，Create Tile …创建
在Mesh Renderer中指定两种材质 - 将场景模型的Layer指定为tile（新建），在Tile Object组件内指定Tile Layer为tile；选中Edit为编辑模式。选择不同的Material ID即可绘制
选择Data，0无效格子；1敌人通过；2防守单位
UI
- UI控件根据不同分辨率进行缩放component->Layout->Reference Resolution
- 创建三个属性波数、铜钱、生命
- 按钮UI->Button(Image下Souce Image设置按钮图片)，在Button组件中，将Normal Color的Alpha值设为255使图片不透明
血条
- 创建GameObject-UI-Canvas，渲染模式设置world space
- 创建GameObject-UI-sidler，删除滑块部分，分别给背景和填充区域附图片，填充图片模式改为filled
- 将血条存为prefab存在Resources中
- 在血条对象脚本中先定义
Transform m_lifebarObj;
UnityEngine.UI.Slider m_lifebar;
- 再在start中获取并初始化血条物体
GameObject uiroot3d = GameObject.Find("Canvas1");
GameObject prefab = (GameObject)Resources.Load("ui_lifebar");
GameObject lifebarobj = (GameObject)Instantiate(prefab);
m_lifebarObj = lifebarobj.transform;
m_lifebarObj.parent = uiroot3d.transform;
m_lifebarObj.localScale = new Vector2(0.01f, 0.01f);
m_lifebar = m_lifebarObj.GetComponent<UnityEngine.UI.Slider>();
- 血条减少动画
void UpdateLifebar()
{
m_lifebar.value = (float)m_life / (float)m_maxlife;
Vector2 lifebarpos = this.transform.position;
lifebarpos.y += 0.7f;
m_lifebarObj.transform.position = lifebarpos;
m_lifebarObj.transform.eulerAngles = Camera.main.transform.eulerAngles;
}
- 在死亡事件中销毁血条物体
Destroy(m_lifebarObj.gameObject);
＃ 创建游戏中物体
public static T Create<T>( Vector3 pos, Vector3 angle ) where T : Defender
{
GameObject go = new GameObject();
go.transform.position = pos;
go.transform.eulerAngles = angle;
go.name = "defender";
T d = go.AddComponent<T>();
d.Init();
TileObject.get.setData(d.transform.position.x, d.transform.position.z, (int)TileStatus.LOCK)
return d;
}
初始化模型资源,设置添加相关动画,设置委托控制动画
public delegate void VoidDelegate();
public event VoidDelegate m_action;
public void SetAction(VoidDelegate act)
{
m_action = act;
}
protected virtual void Init()
{
m_attackArea = 2.0f;
m_power = 2;
CreateModel("swordman");
m_action = Idle;
}
Excel生成怪物
- 读取xml文件
void ReadXML()
{
m_spawnlist = new List<SpawnData>();
XMLParser xmlparse = new XMLParser();
XMLNode node = xmlparse.Parse(xmldata.text);
XMLNodeList list = node.GetNodeList("ROOT>0>table");
for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
{
string wave = node.GetValue("ROOT>0>table>" + i + ">@wave");
string enemyname = node.GetValue("ROOT>0>table>" + i + ">@enemyname");
string level = node.GetValue("ROOT>0>table>" + i + ">@level");
string wait = node.GetValue("ROOT>0>table>" + i + ">@wait");
SpawnData data = new SpawnData();
data.wave = int.Parse(wave);
data.enemyname = enemyname;
data.level = int.Parse(level);
data.wait = float.Parse(wait);
m_spawnlist.Add(data);
}
}
- 用生成的m_spawnlist数据做生成控制器
void SpawnEnemy()
{
if (m_index >= m_spawnlist.Count){
return;
}
m_timer -= Time.deltaTime;
if (m_timer > 0)
return;
SpawnData data = m_spawnlist[m_index];
if (GameManager.Instance.m_wave < data.wave )
{
if ( GameManager.Instance.m_EnemyList.Count > 0 )
return;
else
GameManager.Instance.SetWave(data.wave);
}
m_index++;
if (m_index < m_spawnlist.Count)
m_timer = (m_spawnlist[m_index]).wait;
GameObject enemymodel = Resources.Load<GameObject>(data.enemyname + "@skin");
GameObject enemyani = Resources.Load<GameObject>(data.enemyname + "@run");
Vector3 dir = m_startNode.transform.position - this.transform.position;
GameObject enmeyObj = (GameObject)Instantiate(enemymodel, this.transform.position,
Quaternion.LookRotation(dir));
enmeyObj.GetComponent<Animation>().AddClip(enemyani.GetComponent<Animation>().GetClip("run"), "run");
enmeyObj.GetComponent<Animation>()["run"].wrapMode = WrapMode.Loop;
enmeyObj.GetComponent<Animation>().CrossFade("run");
Enemy enemy = enmeyObj.AddComponent<Enemy>();
enemy.m_currentNode = m_startNode;
enemy.m_life = data.level * 3;
enemy.m_maxlife = data.level * 3;
m_liveEnemy++;
OnEnemyDeath(enemy, (Enemy e) =>
{
m_liveEnemy--;
});
}
记分
创建GameManager脚本
//静态实例
public static GameManager Instance;
//定义文本变量
Text m_txt_score;
//定义当前分数值
public int m_score=0;
//在初始化之前将实例赋给当前类
void Awake(){
Instance=this;
}
//在脚本当前控件对象下获取相应控件并初始化初值
void Start () {
foreach(Transform t in this.GetComponentsInChildren<Transform>()){
if(t.name.CompareTo("score")==0){
m_txt_score=t.GetComponent<Text>();
m_txt_score.text=string.Format("分数：<color=blue>{0}</color>",m_score);
}
}
}
//改变分数函数（+=）
public void SetScore(int score){
m_score+=score;
m_txt_score.text=string.Format("分数：<color=blue>{0}</color>",m_score);
}
在积分对象判断死亡脚本片段上加
if(m_life<0)
{
…
//加五分！
GameManager.Instance.SetScore(5);
…
}
No.4 捕鱼游戏
2d资源切割
- 使用SpriteEditor创建Sprite，【Edit】->【Project Setting】->【Editor】打开编辑器设置窗口，Default Beha Mode设为2D，Sprite Packer设为Always Enabled
- 选择所需图片素材，将Sprite改为Multiple，打开Sprite Editor，“Slice”进行切割，将大炮Sprite轴心移动到炮的圆轴中心，将背景和大炮的Sprite放在场景中
资源在场景中的覆盖设置
Sorting Layers创建3个层background（背景）weapon（大炮），切割Sprite同时放入场景，制作动画，为动画制作prefab，存放至Resources文件夹中，Sorting Layers：fish（鱼）weapon（开火和爆炸）
鱼属性
protected float m_moveSpeed=2.0f;//移动速度
protected float m_life=10;//生命值
public enum Target//枚举
{
Left=0,
Right=1
}
public Target m_target=Target.Left;//移动目标
protected Vector3 m_targetPosition;//目标位置
鱼初始化
public delegate void VoidDelegate(Fish fish);
public VoidDelegate OnDeath;
//创建Fish实例
public static Fish Create(GameObject prefab,Target target,Vector3 pos)
{
GameObject go=(GameObject)Instantiate(prefab,pos,Quaternion.identity);
Fish fish=go.AddComponent<Fish>();
fish.Init(target);
return fish;
}
void Init(Target target)
{
m_target=target;
}
void UpdatePosition()//更新位置
Vector3 pos=Vector3.MoveTowards(this.transform.position,m_targetPosition,m_moveSpeed*Time.deltaTime);
//向目标位置移动
if(Vector3.Distance(pos,m_targetPosition)<0.1f)
{
//三元控制
m_target=m_target==Target.Left?Target.Right:Target.Left;
SetTarget();
}
this.transform.position=pos;
void SetTarget()//设置目标
{
float rand=Random.value;//随机
Vector3 scale=this.transform.localScale;
scale.x=Mathf.Abs(scale.x)*(m_target==Target.Right?1:-1);
this.transform.localScale=scale;
float cameraz=Camera.main.transform.position.z;//获得摄像机z轴位置
m_targetPosition=Camera.main.ViewportToWorldPoint(new
Vector3((int)m_target,1*rand,-cameraz));//设置目标位置}
}
鱼生成
{
public float timer=0;//计时器
public int max_fish=30;//最大生成数量
public int fish_count=0;//当前鱼的数量
void Update () {
timer-=Time.deltaTime;
if(timer<=0)
{
timer=2.0f;//重新计时
if(fish_count>=max_fish)
return;
int index=1+(int)(Random.value*3.0f);//随机产生不同的鱼
if(index>3){
index=3;
}
fish_count++;//更新鱼的数量
GameObject fishprefab=(GameObject)Resources.Load("fish"+index);//读取鱼的prefab
float cameraz=Camera.main.transform.position.z;//获取摄像机z轴位置
//鱼初始位置
Vector3 randpos=new Vector3(Random.value,Random.value,-cameraz);
randpos=Camera.main.ViewportToWorldPoint(randpos);
//鱼的随机初始方向
Fish.Target target=Random.value>0.5f?Fish.Target.Right:Fish.Target.Left;
//创建鱼的实例
Fish f=Fish.Create(fishprefab,target,randpos);
//注册鱼的死亡消息
f.OnDeath+=OnDeath;
}
}
void OnDeath(Fish fish)
{
fish_count--;}
}
子弹Fire
{
float m_moveSpeed=10.0f;//移动速度
//创建子弹
public static Fire Create(Vector3 pos,Vector3 angle)
{
GameObject prefab=Resources.Load<GameObject>("fire");
GameObject fireSprite=(GameObject)Instantiate(prefab,pos,Quaternion.Euler(angle));//子弹实例
Fire f=fireSprite.AddComponent<Fire>();
Destroy(fireSprite,2.0f);//2秒销毁自己
return f;
}
void Update () {//更新子弹位置
this.transform.Translate(new Vector3(0,m_moveSpeed*Time.deltaTime,0));
}
}
大炮Canon
{
float m_shootTimer=0;
void Update () {
m_shootTimer-=Time.deltaTime;
UpdateInput();
}
void UpdateInput()
{
Vector3 ms=Input.mousePosition;//鼠标位置
ms=Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(ms);
Vector3 mypos=this.transform.position;//大炮位置
if(Input.GetMouseButton(0))//左键开火
{ //计算鼠标位置与大炮位置之间的角度
Vector2 targetDir=ms-mypos;
float angle=Vector2.Angle(targetDir,Vector3.up);
if(ms.x>mypos.x)
angle=-angle;
this.transform.eulerAngles=new Vector3(0,0,angle);
if(m_shootTimer<=0)
{
m_shootTimer=0.1f;
//开火，创建子弹实例
Fire.Create(this.transform.TransformPoint(0,1,0),new Vector3(0,0,angle));
}
}
}
碰撞：
void OnTriggerEnter2D(Collider2D other)
{
Fish f=other.GetComponent<Fish>();
if(f==null)
return;
else
f.SetDamage(1);
Destroy(this.gameObject);
}
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