（一）ffmpeg主要函数源码剖析：ffmpeg_parse_options()

FFmpeg 命令使用形式：

ffmpeg [global_options] {[input_file_options] -i input_file}...{[output_file_options] output_file}...
例如：从yang.mp4中提取wav音频
ffmpeg -i yang.mp4 -f wav -ar 16000 yang.wav

先看ffmpeg的主函数入口
函数位于fftools/ffmpeg.c

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int i, ret;
    BenchmarkTimeStamps ti;

    init_dynload();

    register_exit(ffmpeg_cleanup);

    setvbuf(stderr,NULL,_IONBF,0); /* win32 runtime needs this */

    av_log_set_flags(AV_LOG_SKIP_REPEATED);
    parse_loglevel(argc, argv, options);

    if(argc>1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-d")){
        run_as_daemon=1;
        av_log_set_callback(log_callback_null);
        argc--;
        argv++;
    }

#if CONFIG_AVDEVICE
    avdevice_register_all();
#endif
    avformat_network_init();

    show_banner(argc, argv, options);

    /* parse options and open all input/output files */
    ret = ffmpeg_parse_options(argc, argv);		//函数调用
    if (ret < 0)
        exit_program(1);

    if (nb_output_files <= 0 && nb_input_files == 0) {
        show_usage();
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Use -h to get full help or, even better, run 'man %s'\n", program_name);
        exit_program(1);
    }

    /* file converter / grab */
    if (nb_output_files <= 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "At least one output file must be specified\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }

//     if (nb_input_files == 0) {
//         av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "At least one input file must be specified\n");
//         exit_program(1);
//     }

    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_files; i++) {
        if (strcmp(output_files[i]->ctx->oformat->name, "rtp"))
            want_sdp = 0;
    }

    current_time = ti = get_benchmark_time_stamps();
    if (transcode() < 0)
        exit_program(1);
    if (do_benchmark) {
        int64_t utime, stime, rtime;
        current_time = get_benchmark_time_stamps();
        utime = current_time.user_usec - ti.user_usec;
        stime = current_time.sys_usec  - ti.sys_usec;
        rtime = current_time.real_usec - ti.real_usec;
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO,
               "bench: utime=%0.3fs stime=%0.3fs rtime=%0.3fs\n",
               utime / 1000000.0, stime / 1000000.0, rtime / 1000000.0);
    }
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "%"PRIu64" frames successfully decoded, %"PRIu64" decoding errors\n",
           decode_error_stat[0], decode_error_stat[1]);
    if ((decode_error_stat[0] + decode_error_stat[1]) * max_error_rate < decode_error_stat[1])
        exit_program(69);

    exit_program(received_nb_signals ? 255 : main_return_code);
    return main_return_code;
}

1、函数调用的主要流程图：

2、ffmpeg_parse_options()函数分析：

函数位于fftools/ffmpeg_opt.c

int ffmpeg_parse_options(int argc, char **argv)
{
    OptionParseContext octx;
    uint8_t error[128];
    int ret;

    memset(&octx, 0, sizeof(octx));

    /* split the commandline into an internal representation */
    ret = split_commandline(&octx, argc, argv, options, groups,
                            FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(groups));
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Error splitting the argument list: ");
        goto fail;
    }

    /* apply global options */
    ret = parse_optgroup(NULL, &octx.global_opts);
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Error parsing global options: ");
        goto fail;
    }

    /* configure terminal and setup signal handlers */
    term_init();

    /* open input files */
    ret = open_files(&octx.groups[GROUP_INFILE], "input", open_input_file);
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Error opening input files: ");
        goto fail;
    }

    /* create the complex filtergraphs */
    ret = init_complex_filters();
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Error initializing complex filters.\n");
        goto fail;
    }

    /* open output files */
    ret = open_files(&octx.groups[GROUP_OUTFILE], "output", open_output_file);
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Error opening output files: ");
        goto fail;
    }

    check_filter_outputs();

fail:
    uninit_parse_context(&octx);
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_strerror(ret, error, sizeof(error));
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "%s\n", error);
    }
    return ret;
}

调用了split_commandline()函数以及两次open_files()函数，分别打开输入输出文件。

下面先进行split_commandline()函数的分析。
先看split_commandline()源码：

int split_commandline(OptionParseContext *octx, int argc, char *argv[],
                      const OptionDef *options,
                      const OptionGroupDef *groups, int nb_groups)
{
    int optindex = 1;
    int dashdash = -2;

    /* perform system-dependent conversions for arguments list */
    prepare_app_arguments(&argc, &argv);

    init_parse_context(octx, groups, nb_groups);
    //分配内存空间，OptionGroupDef 与 OptionParseContext 建立起联系
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Splitting the commandline.\n");
    
	//下面开始解析参数，分别是①--XX XXX形式，跳过；②-XX XXX形式，输出文件；③-i XXX形式，输入文件
    while (optindex < argc) {
        const char *opt = argv[optindex++], *arg;
        const OptionDef *po;
        int ret;

        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Reading option '%s' ...", opt);
		
		//开始判断命令的参数
		//如果参数的形式是：--X XXX ，两杠
		//那么选择跳过，continue
        if (opt[0] == '-' && opt[1] == '-' && !opt[2]) {
            dashdash = optindex;
            continue;
        }
        //如果不是以“--”开头，那么接着判断下面这种形式：输出文件
        /* unnamed group separators, e.g. output filename */
        if (opt[0] != '-' || !opt[1] || dashdash+1 == optindex) {
        	//finish_group作用就是把opt参数信息保存到octx结构体中
            finish_group(octx, 0, opt);
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " matched as %s.\n", groups[0].name);
            continue;
        }
        //如果上面的都不是，那么可以断定是标准形式了，指针++移动到下一个
        //opt++的目的是为了去除掉-
        opt++;

#define GET_ARG(arg)                                                           \
do {                                                                           \
    arg = argv[optindex++];                                                    \
    if (!arg) {                                                                \
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Missing argument for option '%s'.\n", opt);\
        return AVERROR(EINVAL);                                                \
    }                                                                          \
} while (0)
		//看原有的注释就知道了，这是开始解析-i参数
        /* named group separators, e.g. -i */
        if ((ret = match_group_separator(groups, nb_groups, opt)) >= 0) {
        	//GET_ARG(arg)作用就是检查argue是否为空，只是预防参数为空而作的一个保护检测措施
            GET_ARG(arg);
            //finish_group作用就是把arg参数信息保存到octx结构体中
            //解析完-i参数的输入文件路径后，就保存起来
            finish_group(octx, ret, arg);
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " matched as %s with argument '%s'.\n",
                   groups[ret].name, arg);
            continue;
        }
		//到此就是开始解析option的部分了
        /* normal options */
        //find_option函数就是在定义的options中寻找opt参数，找到返回
        po = find_option(options, opt);
        if (po->name) {
            if (po->flags & OPT_EXIT) {
                /* optional argument, e.g. -h */
                arg = argv[optindex++];
            } else if (po->flags & HAS_ARG) {
                GET_ARG(arg);
            } else {
                arg = "1";
            }
			//判断opt的类型，存放到octx相应的成员变量中
            add_opt(octx, po, opt, arg);
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " matched as option '%s' (%s) with "
                   "argument '%s'.\n", po->name, po->help, arg);
            continue;
        }
		//AVOptions ：专属参数，对于ffmpeg没有的参数，那么可能是专属参数
        /* AVOptions */
        if (argv[optindex]) {
            ret = opt_default(NULL, opt, argv[optindex]);
            if (ret >= 0) {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " matched as AVOption '%s' with "
                       "argument '%s'.\n", opt, argv[optindex]);
                optindex++;
                continue;
            } else if (ret != AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND) {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error parsing option '%s' "
                       "with argument '%s'.\n", opt, argv[optindex]);
                return ret;
            }
        }
		//匹配 -no 参数
        /* boolean -nofoo options */
        if (opt[0] == 'n' && opt[1] == 'o' &&
            (po = find_option(options, opt + 2)) &&
            po->name && po->flags & OPT_BOOL) {
            add_opt(octx, po, opt, "0");
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " matched as option '%s' (%s) with "
                   "argument 0.\n", po->name, po->help);
            continue;
        }
		//若上面的都没有相应匹配，返回err
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unrecognized option '%s'.\n", opt);
        return AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND;
    }
	//循坏结束	
    if (octx->cur_group.nb_opts || codec_opts || format_opts || resample_opts)
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Trailing options were found on the "
               "commandline.\n");

    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Finished splitting the commandline.\n");

    return 0;
}

上面的相关参数做个大体分析：

* 解析命令行参数
octx:    通过解析将命令行中的参数分别存入此octx结构对应成员变量里面
options: 定义了默认参数的结构体
groups:  保存输入文件和输出文件相关参数

下面来看下结构体OptionParseContext *octx

typedef struct OptionParseContext {
    OptionGroup global_opts;	// 全局命令分组
	// 输入和输出的命令分组 (groups[0] 存放输出文件相关参数，groups[1] 存放输入文件相关参数)
    OptionGroupList *groups;
    int           nb_groups;
	/* 临时数组，存储输出、输入相关参数 */
    /* parsing state */
    OptionGroup cur_group;
} OptionParseContext;

默认参数options的结构体

typedef struct OptionDef {
    const char *name;
    int flags;
#define HAS_ARG    0x0001
#define OPT_BOOL   0x0002
#define OPT_EXPERT 0x0004
#define OPT_STRING 0x0008
#define OPT_VIDEO  0x0010
#define OPT_AUDIO  0x0020
#define OPT_INT    0x0080
#define OPT_FLOAT  0x0100
#define OPT_SUBTITLE 0x0200
#define OPT_INT64  0x0400
#define OPT_EXIT   0x0800
#define OPT_DATA   0x1000
#define OPT_PERFILE  0x2000     /* the option is per-file (currently ffmpeg-only).
                                   implied by OPT_OFFSET or OPT_SPEC */
#define OPT_OFFSET 0x4000       /* option is specified as an offset in a passed optctx */
#define OPT_SPEC   0x8000       /* option is to be stored in an array of SpecifierOpt.
                                   Implies OPT_OFFSET. Next element after the offset is
                                   an int containing element count in the array. */
#define OPT_TIME  0x10000
#define OPT_DOUBLE 0x20000
#define OPT_INPUT  0x40000
#define OPT_OUTPUT 0x80000
     union {
        void *dst_ptr;
        int (*func_arg)(void *, const char *, const char *);
        size_t off;
    } u;
    const char *help;
    const char *argname;
} OptionDef;

后续研究再接着更新。