ComputerGraphics | Lighing, Shading

light sources

• directed/parallel light source
  position is point at infinity (x,y,z,0)^T
• point light source
  finite position (x,y,z,1)^T
• spot
  position, direction, opening angle
• ambient light

type of reflection

• specular(mirror-like)
• diffuse
• mixed

reflection distribution

specular + glossy光滑 + diffuse = distribution

ideal diffuse reflection

reflected radiance is independent of reflection direction
Lambert s cosine law $dI=Ld{A}_{1}cos{\theta }_1$

computation:
$I_{diffuse}=k_d{I}_{l}ightcos\theta$
$I_{diffuse}=k_d{I}_{l}ight(\text{n}\cdot \text{l})$
n, l is normalized.

ideal specular reflection

refraction

$n_{1}sin{\theta }_1=n_{2}sin{\theta }_2$

specular-diffuse reflection

• phong model
  $I_{phong}=k_a{I}_a+k_d{I}_{d}max(n\cdot l,0)+k_s{I}_{s}max(r\cdot v,0{)}^{\alpha }$
  $I_{phong}$ 最终光强
  $k_a$ 环境材质属性，反射系数，越大反射光越强
  $I_a$ 环境光分量
  $k_d$ 漫反射材质
  $I_d$ 漫射光分量
  $n$ 表面法线的单位矢量
  $l$ 光线的单位矢量，方向指向光源
  $k_s$ 镜面反射材质属性
  $I_s$ 镜面光分量
  $r$ 反射光单位矢量
  $v$ 视线单位矢量，指向观察者
  $\alpha$ 材质的光泽度
• blinn-phong-model
  
  

shading variants(intepolation 插补)

• flat shading
  one color per face
• gouraud shading
  one color per vertex, color on primitives get interpolated
  color get calculated in the vertex shader
• phong shading
  one color per pixel
  color get calculated in the fragment shader

Shading\Illumination	Toon	Lambert(+ambient)	Phong(+lambert+ambient)	Blinn-phong(+lambert+ambient)
Flat	No	No	No	No
Gouraud	No	Ok	Ok	No
Phong	Ok	Ok	Ok	Ok

Resources

1. <<Web高级编程：开发Web3D图形>>