std::atomic_flag
std::atomic_flag是一个原子的布尔类型,可支持两种原子操作:
test_and_set, 如果atomic_flag对象被设置,则返回true; 如果atomic_flag对象未被设置,则设置之,返回false
clear. 清楚atomic_flag对象
std::atomic_flag可用于多线程之间的同步操作,类似于linux中的信号量。使用atomic_flag可实现mutex.
#include #include#include#include#includestd::atomic_flaglock =ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;
std::stringstream stream;void append_numer(intx)
{while (lock.test_and_set());
stream<< "thread#" << x << "\n";lock.clear();
}intmain()
{
std::vector<:thread>ths;for (int i=0; i<10; i++)
ths.push_back(std::thread(append_numer, i));for (int i=0; i<10; i++)
ths[i].join();
std::cout<
}
2. std::atomic
std::atomic对int, char, bool等数据结构进行原子性封装,在多线程环境中,对std::atomic对象的访问不会造成竞争-冒险。利用std::atomic可实现数据结构的无锁设计。
#include #include#include#include#includestd::atomic ready(false);
std::atomic_flag winner=ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;void count1m(inti)
{while (!ready);for (int i=0; i<1000000; i++);if (!winner.test_and_set())
std::cout<< "winner:" << i <<:endl>
}intmain()
{
std::vector<:thread>ths;for (int i=0; i<10; i++)
ths.push_back(std::thread(count1m, i));
ready= true;for (int i=0; i<10; i++)
ths[i].join();return 0;
}
在上例中,执行read=true之后,所有线程结束空等。winner被初始化为ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT,最先执行winner.test_and_set并返回false的线程为winner。
#include #include#include#include#includestd::atomic foo(0);void set_foo(intx)
{
foo=x;
}voidprint_foo()
{while (foo == 0)
{
std::this_thread::yield();
}
std::cout<< "x:" << foo <<:endl>
}intmain()
{
std::thread print_th(print_foo);
std::thread set_th(set_foo,10);
print_th.join();
set_th.join();return 0;
}
在上例总,set_foo用于设置atomic对象的值,print_foo用于打印atomic对象的值。std::atomic对象的值的读取和写入可使用load和store实现。
#include #include#include#include#include#include#includestd::atomic foo(0);
std::atomic_flaglock =ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;voidadd_foo()
{while (1)
{
foo++;//foo = foo + 1;
while (lock.test_and_set());
std::cout<
usleep(1000);
}
}voidsub_foo()
{while (1)
{
foo--;//foo = foo - 1;
while (lock.test_and_set());
std::cout<< "sub:" << foo <<:endl>
usleep(1000);
}
}intmain()
{
std::thread th2=std::thread(add_foo);
std::thread th1=std::thread(sub_foo);
th1.join();
th2.join();return 0;
}
atomic支持++和--的原子操作。