工程的概念最初主要用于指代_新概念英语(三) Lesson 5 The facts 重点语法分析及课文翻译(一)...

新概念英语(三) Lesson 5 The facts 重点语法分析及课文翻译

一、课文Lesson 5 The facts

Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.

The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two urgent telegrams, but received no reply. He sent yet another telegram informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a telegram from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a cable in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.

二、重点词汇、语法知识点解析及长难句分析翻译

(一)【重点词汇、短语拓展】

1. editor n.编辑，chief editor=editor in chief 主编， edition n.编辑、版本 new edition 新版本、special edition专刊、limited edition限量版、revised edition修订版

editorial adj.编辑的, 主编的 n.社论, 评论

2. extreme n.极端: go to extreme(s) to do… 做某事走极端

He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.

He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world.

go from one extreme to the other 从一个极端走向另一个极端

extreme adj. 极端的、极度的、尽头的； extremely adv. 非常、极其、极端地

3. journalist n.新闻记者(特指“杂志记者”、“新闻记者”；reporter n.(电视台)记者(泛指)；correspondent n.(电台)记者, 通讯员(特指“随军记者”或“驻外记者”)

4. impatient adj.不耐烦的

patience(n.耐性) patient(adj.有耐心的) patiently(adv.有耐心地)

impatience(n.不耐烦) impatient(adj.不耐烦的) impatiently(adv.不耐烦地)

5. originally adv.起初，原先，从前

original adj.最初的, 原始的

origin n. 起源、源头、开端、出身

origin of life生命的起，place of origin 原产地，country of origin 原产国，certificate of origin 原产地证书，point of origin 原点、起火点、起始点，be of + 地点、国家+origin 来源于……

(二)【重点语法知识点解析及长难句分析翻译】

1. What was the consequence of the editor's insistence on facts and statistics?

consequence n.结果

insistence n.坚持, 坚决主张

insist V. 坚持、主张、强调，insist on doing sth 坚持、强调、主张做某事 =insist that+句子

2. Editors of newspaper and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.报纸杂志的编辑常常为了向读者提供一些无关紧要的事实和统计数字而走向极端。

语法分析：go to extremes 走向极端

provide sb. with sth 向…提供… ，.provide sth for sb，offer sb sth

provide = supply 给...提供(通常与介词搭配连用)

provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb

3. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.去年，一位记者受一家有名的杂志的委托写一篇关于非洲某个新成立共和国总统府的文章。

语法分析= A well-known magazine instructed a journalist to write an article on the president's palace

in a new African republic.

instruct vt.教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知

instruct sb to do sth.= tell sb formally to do sth 正式告诉某人做某事 =order sb to do sth

instruction n. 教导、命令、指示、用法说明，working instruction 操作说明书、工作细则

4. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refuse to publish it. 稿子寄来后，编辑看第一句话就拒绝予以发表。

When the article arrived = When the editor received the article

refuse vt.拒绝(态度严厉)

-- I invited him to dinner, but he refused me.

refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事

refuse sth 拒绝某物

decline vt.婉言谢绝、婉拒

5. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace'.几百级台阶通向环绕总统府的高墙。

which 指代the high wall

surround V. 包围、环绕，surrounded by 被……包围，surrounding adj. 周围的

6. The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.编辑立即给那位记者发去传真，要求他核实一下台阶的确切数字和围墙的高度。

instructing(现在分词作伴随状语)进一步补充说明fax的情况

He sent me a letter instructing me to come back immediately.

7. The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.记者立即出发去核实这些重要的事实，但过了好长时间不见他把数字寄来，

set out to do = decide and try to do 决定, 打算, 着手做... = set about doing 决定, 打算, 着手做...

take sb a long time to do sth 某事花了某人很久的时间: It took me five days to write the article.

词汇辨析：take、spend、cost、pay

共同点：以上四个单词都有“花费”的意思

不同点：

take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：

(1) It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。

(2)doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。

spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：

(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。

例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。

(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。

例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。

(3) spend money for sth. 花钱买……。

例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。

cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：

(1) sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。

(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。

focus重点聚焦：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。

pay的基本用法是：

(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。

(2) pay for sth. 付……的钱。I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。

(3) pay for sb. 替某人付钱。Don’t worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。

(4) pay sb. 付钱给某人。 They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。

(5)pay money back 还钱。May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。

(6)pay off one's money还清钱。

8. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. 在此期间，编辑等得不耐烦了，因为杂志马上要付印。他给记者先后发去两份传真，但对方毫无反应。

语法分析: two more faxes = another two faxes 数字+more+名词(es)= another+数字+名词(es) 再……个……

The cake is delicious, may I have one more?

=The cake is delicious, may I have another one?再一次成功，可能意味着多年的努力。

9. He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be Fired. 于是他又发了一份传真，通知那位记者说，若再不迅速答复，将被解雇。

another fax=one more fax

if 引导的条件句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；句中的条件句受到前面过去式的谓语动词sent的影响，主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时。

1. If you work hard, you can pass the exam easily.

2. My father said if it didn’t rain that weekend, we would go traveling.

10. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. 但记者还是没有回复。编辑无奈，勉强按原样发稿了。

reluctantly = unwillingly adv. 勉勉强强地,、不情愿地: do sth reluctantly=do sth unwillingly不情愿地做了某事

reluctant=unwilling adj. 勉强的、不愿意的: be reluctant to do sth=be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事

reluctance n. 勉强、不情愿: do sth with reluctance不情愿地做了某事

11. A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist.Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. 一周之后，编辑终于接到记者的传真。那个可怜的记者不仅被捕了，而且还被送进了监狱。

语法分析 = The poor man had not only been arrested, but had been sent to prison as well.

not only…but also…引导两个并列的句子时， 必须采用部分倒装形式，not only引导的句子要倒装，而but also引导的句子不需倒装。

not only…but also…引导两个并列的词或短语时，前后两个句子都不需倒装，谓语动词的单复数由but also后面的主语决定。

1. Not only you but also he is reluctant to work in such a poor city. 2. Not only has Tom been to the USA, but also be has been to Australia.

12. However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that the he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace. 不过，他终于获准发回了一份传真。在传真中他告诉编辑，就在他数通向15英尺高的总统府围墙的1，084级台阶时，被抓了起来。

he had at last been allowed

= he had at last been permitted

= he had asked for permission

请求被允许做某事：be allowed to do, be permitted to do, ask for permission to do sth

permit v.许可,允许,准许 permission n.许可, 允许

in which -- which指代fax

while和现在分词搭配, 做时间状语, 表示“正在做某事的过程中”。

-- 可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。

-- While counting… = while he was counting…

现在分词做定语：

-- the steps leading to the president's palace 通向王宫的台阶。

-- the road leading to the forest 通向森林的路。

fifteen-foot做前置定语, 充当形容词的作用，这里的名词必须上单数形式。

which引导的定语从句修饰wall, which指代wall。

-- wall which surrounded… (= wall surrounding…)

为了避免和前面的现在分词句式结构(leading)相同所以没有用surrounding.

三、新概念英语第三册lesson50课文翻译参考

报刊杂志的编辑常常为了向读者提供成立一些关紧要的事实和统计数字而走向极端。去年，一位记者受一家有名的杂志的委托写一篇关于非洲某个新成立共和国总统府的文章。稿子寄来后，编辑看第一句话就拒绝予以发表。文章的开头是这样的：“几百级台阶通向环绕总统的高墙。”编辑立即给那位记者发去传真，要求他核实一下台阶的确切数字和围墙的高度。

记者立即出发去核实这些重要的事实，但过了好长时间不见他把数字寄来，在此期间，编辑等得不耐烦了，因为杂志马上要付印。他给记者先后发去两份传真，但对方毫无反应。于是他又发了一份传真，通知那位记者说，若再不迅速答复，将被解雇。但记者还是没有回复。编辑无奈，勉强按原样发稿了。一周之后，编辑终于接到记者的传真。那个可怜的记者不仅被捕了，而且还被送进了监狱。不过，他终于获准发回了一份传真。在传真中他告诉编辑，就在他数通向15英尺高的总统府围墙的1，084级台阶时，被抓了起来。