java蚁群算法_蚁群算法JAVA版

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说明:信息素权重,路径权重和信息素蒸发率对最后的结果影响很大,需要微调。

目前发现2 / 5 / 0.5 能达到稍e68a843231313335323631343130323136353331333236366362微让人满意的效果。本程序离完美的ACO还差很远,仅供参考。

本蚁群算法为AS算法。

用法:

1.new一个对象

ACOforTSP tsp = new ACPforTSP(tsp数据文件名,迭代次数,蚂蚁数量,信息素权重,路径权重,信息素蒸发率);

2.用go()方法运行

tsp.go();

ACOforTSP.java

___________________________________________________________________

import java.io.File;

import static java.lang.Math.pow;

import static java.lang.Math.sqrt;

import static java.lang.Math.random;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.io.FileReader;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

/**

*

* @author dvdface

*/

public class ACOforTSP {

//城市的距离表

private double[][] distance;

//距离的倒数表

private double[][] heuristic;

//启发信息表

private double[][] pheromone;

//权重

private int alpha, beta;

//迭代的次数

private int iterationTimes;

//蚂蚁的数量

private int numbersOfAnt;

//蒸发率

private double rate;

ACOforTSP (String file, int iterationTimes, int numbersOfAnt, int alpha, int beta, double rate) {

//加载文件

this.initializeData(file);

//初始化参数

this.iterationTimes = iterationTimes;

//设置蚂蚁数量

this.numbersOfAnt = numbersOfAnt;

//设置权重

this.alpha = alpha;

this.beta = beta;

//设置蒸发率

this.rate = rate;

}

private void initializeData(String filename) {

//定义内部类

class City {

int no;

double x;

double y;

City(int no, double x, double y) {

this.no = no;

this.x = x;

this.y = y;

}

private double getDistance(City city) {

return sqrt(pow((x - city.x), 2) + pow((y - city.y), 2));

}

}

try {

//定义HashMap保存读取的坐标信息

HashMap map = new HashMap();

//读取文件

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(new File(filename)));

for (String str = reader.readLine(); str != null; str = reader.readLine()) {

//将读到的信息保存入HashMap

if (str.matches("([0-9]+)(\\s*)([0-9]+)(.?)([0-9]*)(\\s*)([0-9]+)(.?)([0-9]*)")) {

String[] data = str.split("(\\s+)");

City city = new City(Integer.parseInt(data[0]),

Double.parseDouble(data[1]),

Double.parseDouble(data[2]));

map.put(city.no, city);

}

}

//分配距离矩阵存储空间

distance = new double[map.size() + 1][map.size() + 1];

//分配距离倒数矩阵存储空间

heuristic = new double[map.size() + 1][map.size() + 1];

//分配信息素矩阵存储空间

pheromone = new double[map.size() + 1][map.size() + 1];

for (int i = 1; i < map.size() + 1; i++) {

for (int j = 1; j < map.size() + 1; j++) {

//计算城市间的距离,并存入距离矩阵

distance[i][j] = map.get(i).getDistance(map.get(j));

//计算距离倒数,并存入距离倒数矩阵

heuristic[i][j] = 1 / distance[i][j];

//初始化信息素矩阵

pheromone[i][j] = 1;

}

}

} catch (Exception exception) {

System.out.println("初始化数据失败!");

}

}

class Ant {

//已访问城市列表

private boolean[] visited;

//访问顺序表

private int[] tour;

//已访问城市的个数

private int n;

//总的距离

private double total;

Ant() {

//给访问顺序表分配空间

tour = new int[distance.length+1];

//已存入城市数量为n,刚开始为0

n = 0;

//将起始城市1,放入访问结点顺序表第一项

tour[++n] = 1;

//给已访问城市结点分配空间

visited = new boolean[distance.length];

//第一个城市为出发城市,设置为已访问

visited[tour[n]] = true;

}

private int chooseCity() {

//用来random的随机数

double m = 0;

//获得当前所在的城市号放入j,如果和j相邻的城市没有被访问,那么加入m

for (int i = 1, j = tour[n]; i < pheromone.length; i++) {

if (!visited[i]) {

m += pow(pheromone[j][i], alpha) * pow(heuristic[j][i], beta);

}

}

//保存随机到的数

double p = m * random();

//寻找被随机到的城市

double k = 0;

//保存找到的城市

int q = 0;

for (int i = 1, j = tour[n]; k < p; i++) {

if (!visited[i]) {

k += pow(pheromone[j][i], alpha) * pow(heuristic[j][i], beta);

q = i;

}

}

return q;

}

private void constructSolution () {

while (n != (distance.length-1) ) {

//选取下一个城市

int p = chooseCity();

//计算总的距离

total += distance[tour[n]][p];

//将选取到的城市放入已访问列表

tour[++n] = p;

//将选取到的城市标记为已访问

visited[p] = true;

}

//回到起点

total += distance[tour[1]][tour[n]];

//将起点加入访问顺序表的最后

tour[++n] = tour[1];

}

private void releasePheromone() {

//释放信息素的大小

double t = 1/total;

//释放信息素

for (int i=1;i

pheromone[tour[i]][tour[i+1]] += t;

pheromone[tour[i+1]][tour[i]] += t;

}

}

}

public void go() {

//保存最好的路径和路径长度

double bestTotal = Double.MAX_VALUE;

int[] bestTour = new int[distance.length+1];

//新建蚂蚁数组,用来引用所创建的蚂蚁

Ant[] ant = new Ant[numbersOfAnt];

//进行iterationTimes次迭代

while (iterationTimes != 0) {

//初始化新的一批蚂蚁(这里用构造新的蚂蚁代替重置蚂蚁状态)

for (int i=0; i

ant[i] = new Ant();

}

//进行一次迭代(即让所有的蚂蚁构建一条路径)

for (int i=0; i

ant[i].constructSolution();

//如果蚂蚁构建的路径长度比上次最好的还好,那么保存这个长度和它所走的路径

if (ant[i].total

bestTotal = ant[i].total;

System.arraycopy(ant[i].tour, 1, bestTour, 1, bestTour.length-1);

}

}

//蒸发信息素

evaporatePheromone();

//释放信息素

for (int i=0; i

ant[i].releasePheromone();

}

//报告本次迭代的信息

System.out.format("本次为倒数第%d次迭代,当前最优路径长度为%10.2f\n",iterationTimes,bestTotal);

//迭代总数减去1,进行下次迭代

iterationTimes--;

}

//输出最好的路径长度

System.out.format("得到的最优的路径长度为:%10.2f\n",bestTotal);

//输出最好的路径

System.out.println("最优路径如下:");

for (int i=1; i

System.out.print("→"+bestTour[i]);

}

}

private void evaporatePheromone() {

for (int i = 1; i < pheromone.length; i++)

for (int j = 1; j < pheromone.length; j++) {

pheromone[i][j] *= 1-rate;

}

}

}

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很抱歉,我无法提供完整的Java蚁群算法的代码。但是,我可以为您提供一个简单的示例来演示蚁群算法的工作原理。 ```java import java.util.Random; public class AntColonyOptimization { private int numAnts; // 蚂蚁数量 private int numCities; // 城市数量 private double[][] distance; // 城市之间的距离 private double[][] pheromone; // 信息素矩阵 private double alpha; // 信息素重要程度因子 private double beta; // 启发式因子 private double evaporation; // 信息素蒸发率 private double Q; // 信息素增加强度因子 private int[] bestTour; // 最佳路径 private double bestTourLength; // 最佳路径长度 public AntColonyOptimization(int numAnts, int numCities, double[][] distance, double alpha, double beta, double evaporation, double Q) { this.numAnts = numAnts; this.numCities = numCities; this.distance = distance; this.alpha = alpha; this.beta = beta; this.evaporation = evaporation; this.Q = Q; this.pheromone = new double[numCities][numCities]; for (int i = 0; i < numCities; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < numCities; j++) { pheromone[i][j] = 1.0; // 初始化信息素矩阵 } } this.bestTour = new int[numCities + 1]; this.bestTourLength = Double.MAX_VALUE; } public void solve() { Random random = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < numAnts; i++) { int startCity = random.nextInt(numCities); // 随机选择起始城市 int[] tour = constructTour(startCity); // 构建路径 double tourLength = calculateTourLength(tour); // 计算路径长度 if (tourLength < bestTourLength) { bestTourLength = tourLength; bestTour = tour; } updatePheromone(tour, tourLength); // 更新信息素矩阵 } } private int[] constructTour(int startCity) { int[] tour = new int[numCities + 1]; boolean[] visited = new boolean[numCities]; tour[0] = startCity; visited[startCity] = true; for (int i = 1; i < numCities; i++) { int nextCity = selectNextCity(tour, visited); tour[i] = nextCity; visited[nextCity] = true; } tour[numCities] = startCity; // 回到起始城市形成闭环 return tour; } private int selectNextCity(int[] tour, boolean[] visited) { int currentCity = tour[numCities - 1]; double[] probabilities = new double[numCities]; double total = 0.0; for (int i = 0; i < numCities; i++) { if (!visited[i]) { probabilities[i] = Math.pow(pheromone[currentCity][i], alpha) * Math.pow(1.0 / distance[currentCity][i], beta); total += probabilities[i]; } } double randomValue = Math.random() * total; double sum = 0.0; for (int i = 0; i < numCities; i++) { if (!visited[i]) { sum += probabilities[i]; if (sum >= randomValue) { return i; } } } return -1; } private double calculateTourLength(int[] tour) { double length = 0.0; for (int i = 0; i < numCities; i++) { length += distance[tour[i]][tour[i + 1]]; } return length; } private void updatePheromone(int[] tour, double tourLength) { for (int i = 0; i < numCities; i++) { int fromCity = tour[i]; int toCity = tour[i + 1]; pheromone[fromCity][toCity] = (1.0 - evaporation) * pheromone[fromCity][toCity] + (Q / tourLength); } } public int[] getBestTour() { return bestTour; } public double getBestTourLength() { return bestTourLength; } } ``` 使用上述代码,您可以创建一个`AntColonyOptimization`对象,并调用`solve`方法来解决旅行商问题。最佳路径和路径长度可以通过`getBestTour`和`getBestTourLength`方法获得。

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