python多显卡支持_Tensorflow实现多GPU并行方式

Tensorflow中的并行分为模型并行和数据并行。模型并行需要根据不同模型设计不同的并行方式，其主要原理是将模型中不同计算节点放在不同硬件资源上运算。比较通用且能简便地实现大规模并行的方式是数据并行，同时使用多个硬件资源来计算不同batch的数据梯度，然后汇总梯度进行全局更新。

数据并行几乎适用于所有深度学习模型，总是可以利用多块GPU同时训练多个batch数据，运行在每块GPU上的模型都基于同一个神经网络，网络结构一样，并且共享模型参数。

import os

import re

import time

import numpy as np

import tensorflow as tf

import cifar10_input

import cifar10

batch_size = 128

max_steps = 1000

num_gpus = 1 # gpu数量

# 在scope下生成神经网络并返回scope下的loss

def tower_loss(scope):

# 数据集的路径可以在cifar10.py中的tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string中定义

images, labels = cifar10.distorted_inputs()

logits = cifar10.inference(images) # 生成神经网络

_ = cifar10.loss(logits, labels) # 不直接返回loss而是放到collection

losses = tf.get_collection('losses', scope) # 获取当前GPU上的loss(通过scope限定范围)

total_loss = tf.add_n(losses, name='total_loss')

return total_loss

'''

外层是不同GPU计算的梯度，内层是某个GPU对应的不同var的值

tower_grads =

[[(grad0_gpu0, var0_gpu0), (grad1_gpu0, var1_gpu0),...],

[(grad0_gpu1, var0_gpu1), (grad1_gpu1, var1_gpu1),...]]

zip(*tower_grads)= 相当于转置了

[[(grad0_gpu0, var0_gpu0), (grad0_gpu1, var0, gpu1),...],

[(grad1_gpu0, var1_gpu0), (grad1_gpu1, var1_gpu1),...]]

'''

def average_gradients(tower_grads):

average_grads = []

for grad_and_vars in zip(*tower_grads):

grads = [tf.expand_dims(g, 0) for g, _ in grad_and_vars]

grads = tf.concat(grads, 0)

grad = tf.reduce_mean(grads, 0)

grad_and_var = (grad, grad_and_vars[0][1])

# [(grad0, var0),(grad1, var1),...]

average_grads.append(grad_and_var)

return average_grads

def train():

# 默认的计算设备为CPU

with tf.Graph().as_default(), tf.device('/cpu:0'):

# []表示没有维度，为一个数

# trainable=False,不会加入GraphKeys.TRAINABLE_VARIABLES参与训练

global_step = tf.get_variable('global_step', [],

initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0),

trainable=False)

num_batches_per_epoch = cifar10.NUM_EXAMPLES_PER_EPOCH_FOR_TRAIN / batch_size

decay_steps = int(num_batches_per_epoch * cifar10.NUM_EPOCHS_PER_DECAY)

# https://tensorflow.google.cn/api_docs/python/tf/train/exponential_decay

# decayed_learning_rate = learning_rate * decay_rate ^ (global_step / decay_steps)

# staircase is True, then global_step / decay_steps is an integer division

lr = tf.train.exponential_decay(cifar10.INITIAL_LEARNING_RATE,

global_step,

decay_steps,

cifar10.LEARNING_RATE_DECAY_FACTOR,

staircase=True)

opt = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(lr)

tower_grads = []

for i in range(num_gpus):

with tf.device('/gpu:%d' % i):

with tf.name_scope('%s_%d' % (cifar10.TOWER_NAME, i)) as scope:

loss = tower_loss(scope)

# 让神经网络的变量可以重用，所有GPU使用完全相同的参数

# 让下一个tower重用参数

tf.get_variable_scope().reuse_variables()

grads = opt.compute_gradients(loss)

tower_grads.append(grads)

grads = average_gradients(tower_grads)

apply_gradient_op = opt.apply_gradients(grads, global_step=global_step)

init = tf.global_variables_initializer()

# True会自动选择一个存在并且支持的设备来运行

sess = tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement=True))

sess.run(init)

tf.train.start_queue_runners(sess=sess)

for step in range(max_steps):

start_time = time.time()

_, loss_value = sess.run([apply_gradient_op, loss])

duration = time.time() - start_time

if step % 10 == 0:

num_examples_per_step = batch_size * num_gpus

examples_per_sec = num_examples_per_step / duration

sec_per_batch = duration / num_gpus

print('step %d, loss=%.2f(%.1f examples/sec;%.3f sec/batch)'

% (step, loss_value, examples_per_sec, sec_per_batch))

if __name__ == '__main__':

train()

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