python通过串口控制单片机_转：Python通过pyserial控制串口操作

https://blog.csdn.net/lovelyaiq/article/details/48101487

你想通过串行端口读写数据,典型场景就是和一些硬件设备打交道(比如一个机器人或传感器)。尽管你可以通过使用Python内置的I/O模块来完成这个任务,但对于串行通信最好的选择是使用 pySerial包 。 这个包的使用非常简单,先安装pySerial,使用类似下面这样的代码就能很容易的打开一个串行端口:

一、用python操作串口，首先需要下载相关模块:

pyserial (http://pyserial.wiki.sourceforge.net/pySerial)

pywin32 (http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/)

import serial

ser = serial . Serial('/dev/tty.usbmodem641', # Device name varies

baudrate = 9600,

bytesize = 8,

parity = 'N',

stopbits = 1)

设备名对于不同的设备和操作系统是不一样的。 比如,在Windows系统上,你可以使用0,1等表示的一个设备来打开通信端”COM0”和”COM1”。 一旦端口打开,那就可以使用read() , readline() 和 write() 函数读写数据了。

二,十六进制显示

十六进制显示的实质是把接收到的字符转换成其对应的ASCII码，然后将ASCII码值再转换成十六进制数显示出来，这样就可以显示特殊字符了。在这里定义了一个函数，如hexShow(argv)，代码如下：

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import serial

def hexShow(argv):

result = ''

hLen = len(argv)

for i in xrange(hLen):

hvol = ord(argv[i])

hhex = '%02x'%hvol

result += hhex+' '

print 'hexShow:',result

t = serial.Serial('com12',9600)

print t.portstr

strInput = raw_input('enter some words:')

n = t.write(strInput)

print n

str = t.read(n)

print str

hexShow(str)

3,十六进制发送

十六进制发送实质是发送十六进制格式的字符串，如'\xaa'，'\x0b'。重点在于怎么样把一个字符串转换成十六进制的格式，有两个误区：

1）'\x'+'aa'是不可以，涉及到转义符反斜杠

2）'\\x'+'aa'和r'\x'+'aa'也不可以，这样的打印结果虽然是\xaa，但赋给变量的值却是'\\xaa'

这里用到decode函数，

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list='aabbccddee'

hexer=list.decode("hex")

print hexer

需要注意一点，如果字符串list的长度为奇数，则decode会报错，可以按照实际情况，用字符串的切片操作，在字符串的开头或结尾加一个'0'

假如在串口助手以十六进制发送字符串"abc"，那么你在python中则这样操作“self.l_serial.write(”\x61\x62\x63") ”

当然，还有另外一个方法：

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strSerial = "abc"

strHex = binascii.b2a_hex(strSerial)

#print strHex

strhex = strHex.decode("hex")

#print strhex

self.l_serial.write(strhex);

Short introduction

Open port 0 at "9600,8,N,1", no timeout

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>>> import serial

>>> ser = serial.Serial(0) # open first serial port

>>> print ser.portstr # check which port was really used

>>> ser.write("hello") # write a string

>>> ser.close() # close port

Open named port at "19200,8,N,1", 1s timeout

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>>> ser = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyS1', 19200, timeout=1)

>>> x = ser.read() # read one byte

>>> s = ser.read(10) # read up to ten bytes (timeout)

>>> line = ser.readline() # read a '\n' terminated line

>>> ser.close()

Open second port at "38400,8,E,1", non blocking HW handshaking

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>>> ser = serial.Serial(1, 38400, timeout=0,

... parity=serial.PARITY_EVEN, rtscts=1)

>>> s = ser.read(100) # read up to one hundred bytes

... # or as much is in the buffer

Get a Serial instance and configure/open it later

>>> ser = serial.Serial()

>>> ser.baudrate = 19200

>>> ser.port = 0

>>> ser

Serial(port='COM1', baudrate=19200, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=None, xonxoff=0, rtscts=0)

>>> ser.open()

>>> ser.isOpen()

True

>>> ser.close()

>>> ser.isOpen()

False

Parameters for the Serial class

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ser = serial.Serial(

port=None, # number of device, numbering starts at

# zero. if everything fails, the user

# can specify a device string, note

# that this isn't portable anymore

# if no port is specified an unconfigured

# an closed serial port object is created

baudrate=9600, # baud rate

bytesize=EIGHTBITS, # number of databits

parity=PARITY_NONE, # enable parity checking

stopbits=STOPBITS_ONE, # number of stopbits

timeout=None, # set a timeout value, None for waiting forever

xonxoff=0, # enable software flow control

rtscts=0, # enable RTS/CTS flow control

interCharTimeout=None # Inter-character timeout, None to disable

)

The port is immediately opened on object creation, if a port is given. It is not opened if port is None.

Options for read timeout:

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timeout=None # wait forever

timeout=0 # non-blocking mode (return immediately on read)

timeout=x # set timeout to x seconds (float allowed)

Methods of Serial instances

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open() # open port

close() # close port immediately

setBaudrate(baudrate) # change baud rate on an open port

inWaiting() # return the number of chars in the receive buffer

read(size=1) # read "size" characters

write(s) # write the string s to the port

flushInput() # flush input buffer, discarding all it's contents

flushOutput() # flush output buffer, abort output

sendBreak() # send break condition

setRTS(level=1) # set RTS line to specified logic level

setDTR(level=1) # set DTR line to specified logic level

getCTS() # return the state of the CTS line

getDSR() # return the state of the DSR line

getRI() # return the state of the RI line

getCD() # return the state of the CD line

Attributes of Serial instances

Read Only:

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portstr # device name

BAUDRATES # list of valid baudrates

BYTESIZES # list of valid byte sizes

PARITIES # list of valid parities

STOPBITS # list of valid stop bit widths

New values can be assigned to the following attributes, the port will be reconfigured, even if it's opened at that time:

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port # port name/number as set by the user

baudrate # current baud rate setting

bytesize # byte size in bits

parity # parity setting

stopbits # stop bit with (1,2)

timeout # timeout setting

xonxoff # if Xon/Xoff flow control is enabled

rtscts # if hardware flow control is enabled

Exceptions

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serial.SerialException

Constants

parity:

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serial.PARITY_NONE

serial.PARITY_EVEN

serial.PARITY_ODD

stopbits:

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serial.STOPBITS_ONE

al.STOPBITS_TWO

bytesize:

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serial.FIVEBITS

serial.SIXBITS

serial.SEVENBITS

serial.EIGHTBITS

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作者：TiRan_Yang

来源：CSDN

原文：https://blog.csdn.net/lovelyaiq/article/details/48101487

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