linux结构体数组输入信息,Linux GNU C结构体数组初始化示例

实然心血来潮，想学习一下结构体数组的初始化方面的知识。

以下是GCC实然心血来潮，想学习一下结构体数组的初始化方面的知识。特有的数组初始化的风格：

// 数组赋值另一种方式，但只在gcc下编译通过，g++不能

enum {

AAA = 0,

BBB,

CCC,

DDD,

};

// 只对感兴趣的索引值进行赋值，而不管下标的顺序

static const int regs[] = {

[DDD] = 250,

[CCC] = 3,

[AAA] = 180,

};

这种风格在kernel代码中经常看到。它不按照数组下标顺序，而是使用自定义的“索引”来赋值，比如Intel网卡igb驱动中一处代码：

static const struct e1000_info *igb_info_tbl[] = {

[board_82575] = &e1000_82575_info,

};从代码中可以清晰知道，这个结构体是针对82575的——board_82575比数字0更直观易读。

但是使用g++却无法编译，编译错误提示如下：

sorry, unimplemented: non-trivial designated initializers not supported

下面再看看结构体数组的初始化，先给出结构体的定义：

enum control_type

{

TYPE_GPIO = 0,

TYPE_IIC = 1,

TYPE_SPI = 2,

};

typedef struct control_info_t {

const char*name;

enum control_type type;

int enable;

}control_info;

初始化方式一，依次给数组内元素赋值，如下：：

control_info control_info1[3] =

{

{"FOO_GPIO", TYPE_GPIO, 1},

{"FOO_IIC", TYPE_IIC, 0},

{"FOO_SPI", TYPE_SPI, 1},

};

方式二，先声明再赋值，如下：

control_info control_info[3];

control_info[TYPE_SPI].name = "FOO_SPI";

control_info[TYPE_SPI].type = TYPE_SPI;

control_info[TYPE_SPI].enable = 1;方式三，不按照顺序，只对感兴趣几项赋值，如下：

control_info control_info2[3] =

{

[TYPE_SPI] = {"FOO_SPI", TYPE_SPI, 1},

[TYPE_GPIO] = {"FOO_GPIO", TYPE_GPIO, 1},

};从这个方式上看，类型为SPI的“索引值”对应即为SPI，但无须理会类型SPI的具体值。

本文完整代码如下：

/**

结果：

struct test

250 0 180 3

111 name: FOO_IIC type: 1 enable: 0

222 name: FOO_GPIO type: 0 enable: 1

333 name: FOO_SPI type: 2 enable: 1

*/

#include

#include

///

// 简单int类型的数组

// 数组赋值另一种方式，但只在gcc下编译通过，g++不能

enum {

AAA = 0,

BBB,

CCC,

DDD,

};

// 只对感兴趣的索引值进行赋值，而不管下标的顺序

static const int regs[] = {

[DDD] = 250,

[CCC] = 3,

[AAA] = 180,

};

void struct_test1()

{

printf("%d %d %d %d\n", regs[DDD], regs[BBB], regs[AAA], regs[CCC]);

}

///

// 结构体数组初始化示例

enum control_type

{

TYPE_GPIO = 0,

TYPE_IIC = 1,

TYPE_SPI = 2,

};

typedef struct control_info_t {

const char*name;

enum control_type type;

int enable;

}control_info;

void struct_test_2()

{

// c++风格，用g++并使用 -std=c++11

//control_info gcontrol_info0 {.name = "FOO", .type = TYPE_SPI, .enable=1};

// 三个依次赋值

control_info control_info1[3] =

{

{"FOO_GPIO", TYPE_GPIO, 1},

{"FOO_IIC", TYPE_IIC, 0},

{"FOO_SPI", TYPE_SPI, 1},

};

printf("111 name: %s type: %d enable: %d\n", control_info1[TYPE_IIC].name, control_info1[TYPE_IIC].type, control_info1[TYPE_IIC].enable);

// GNU风格赋值

control_info control_info2[3] =

{

[TYPE_SPI] = {"FOO_SPI", TYPE_SPI, 1},

[TYPE_GPIO] = {"FOO_GPIO", TYPE_GPIO, 1},

};

printf("222 name: %s type: %d enable: %d\n", control_info2[TYPE_GPIO].name, control_info2[TYPE_GPIO].type, control_info2[TYPE_GPIO].enable);

// 只有一个赋值

control_info control_info[3];

control_info[TYPE_SPI].name = "FOO_SPI";

control_info[TYPE_SPI].type = TYPE_SPI;

control_info[TYPE_SPI].enable = 1;

printf("333 name: %s type: %d enable: %d\n", control_info[TYPE_SPI].name, control_info[TYPE_SPI].type, control_info[TYPE_SPI].enable);

}

int main(void)

{

printf("struct test\n");

struct_test1();

struct_test_2();

return 0;

}

李迟 2016.10.15 周四  中午午休前