matlab cart,Train DQN Agent to Balance Cart-Pole System

Cart-Pole MATLAB Environment

The reinforcement learning environment for this example is a pole attached to an unactuated joint on a cart, which moves along a frictionless track. The training goal is to make the pole stand upright without falling over.

For this environment:

The upward balanced pole position is 0 radians, and the downward hanging position is pi radians.

The pole starts upright with an initial angle between –0.05 and 0.05 radians.

The force action signal from the agent to the environment is from –10 to 10 N.

The observations from the environment are the position and velocity of the cart, the pole angle, and the pole angle derivative.

The episode terminates if the pole is more than 12 degrees from vertical or if the cart moves more than 2.4 m from the original position.

A reward of +1 is provided for every time step that the pole remains upright. A penalty of –5 is applied when the pole falls.

Create Environment Interface

Create a predefined environment interface for the system.

env = rlPredefinedEnv("CartPole-Discrete")

env =

CartPoleDiscreteAction with properties:

Gravity: 9.8000

MassCart: 1

MassPole: 0.1000

Length: 0.5000

MaxForce: 10

Ts: 0.0200

ThetaThresholdRadians: 0.2094

XThreshold: 2.4000

RewardForNotFalling: 1

PenaltyForFalling: -5

State: [4x1 double]

The interface has a discrete action space where the agent can apply one of two possible force values to the cart, –10 or 10 N.

Get the observation and action specification information.

obsInfo = getObservationInfo(env)

obsInfo =

rlNumericSpec with properties:

LowerLimit: -Inf

UpperLimit: Inf

Name: "CartPole States"

Description: "x, dx, theta, dtheta"

Dimension: [4 1]

DataType: "double"

actInfo = getActionInfo(env)

actInfo =

rlFiniteSetSpec with properties:

Elements: [-10 10]

Name: "CartPole Action"

Description: [0x0 string]

Dimension: [1 1]

DataType: "double"

Fix the random generator seed for reproducibility.

rng(0)

Create DQN Agent

A DQN agent approximates the long-term reward, given observations and actions, using a value-function critic.

DQN agents can use multi-output Q-value critic approximators, which are generally more efficient. A multi-output approximator has observations as inputs and state-action values as outputs. Each output element represents the expected cumulative long-term reward for taking the corresponding discrete action from the state indicated by the observation inputs.

To create the critic, first create a deep neural network with one input (the 4-dimensional observed state) and one output vector with two elements (one for the 10 N action, another for the –10 N action). For more information on creating value-function representations based on a neural network, see Create Policy and Value Function Representations.

dnn = [

featureInputLayer(obsInfo.Dimension(1),'Normalization','none','Name','state')

fullyConnectedLayer(24,'Name','CriticStateFC1')

reluLayer('Name','CriticRelu1')

fullyConnectedLayer(24, 'Name','CriticStateFC2')

reluLayer('Name','CriticCommonRelu')

fullyConnectedLayer(length(actInfo.Elements),'Name','output')];

View the network configuration.

figure

plot(layerGraph(dnn))

Specify some training options for the critic representation using rlRepresentationOptions.

criticOpts = rlRepresentationOptions('LearnRate',0.001,'GradientThreshold',1);

Create the critic representation using the specified neural network and options. For more information, see rlQValueRepresentation.

critic = rlQValueRepresentation(dnn,obsInfo,actInfo,'Observation',{'state'},criticOpts);

To create the DQN agent, first specify the DQN agent options using rlDQNAgentOptions.

agentOpts = rlDQNAgentOptions(...

'UseDoubleDQN',false, ...

'TargetSmoothFactor',1, ...

'TargetUpdateFrequency',4, ...

'ExperienceBufferLength',100000, ...

'DiscountFactor',0.99, ...

'MiniBatchSize',256);

Then, create the DQN agent using the specified critic representation and agent options. For more information, see rlDQNAgent.

agent = rlDQNAgent(critic,agentOpts);

Train Agent

To train the agent, first specify the training options. For this example, use the following options:

Run one training session containing at most 1000 episodes, with each episode lasting at most 500 time steps.

Display the training progress in the Episode Manager dialog box (set the Plots option) and disable the command line display (set the Verbose option to false).

Stop training when the agent receives an moving average cumulative reward greater than 480. At this point, the agent can balance the cart-pole system in the upright position.

For more information, see rlTrainingOptions.

trainOpts = rlTrainingOptions(...

'MaxEpisodes',1000, ...

'MaxStepsPerEpisode',500, ...

'Verbose',false, ...

'Plots','training-progress',...

'StopTrainingCriteria','AverageReward',...

'StopTrainingValue',480);

You can visualize the cart-pole system can be visualized by using the plot function during training or simulation.

plot(env)

Train the agent using the train function. Training this agent is a computationally intensive process that takes several minutes to complete. To save time while running this example, load a pretrained agent by setting doTraining to false. To train the agent yourself, set doTraining to true.

doTraining = false;

if doTraining

% Train the agent.

trainingStats = train(agent,env,trainOpts);

else

% Load the pretrained agent for the example.

load('MATLABCartpoleDQNMulti.mat','agent')

end

Simulate DQN Agent

To validate the performance of the trained agent, simulate it within the cart-pole environment. For more information on agent simulation, see rlSimulationOptions and sim. The agent can balance the cart-pole even when the simulation time increases to 500 steps.

simOptions = rlSimulationOptions('MaxSteps',500);

experience = sim(env,agent,simOptions);

totalReward = sum(experience.Reward)

totalReward = 500