opencv 阈值分割_OpenCV-Otsu阈值分割

步骤：1、计算累加直方图；2、计算一阶累积矩；3、计算图像的总体灰度平均值；4、计算每个灰度值对应的方差；5、找到目标阈值。

C++：

#include#includeusing namespace std;using namespace cv;//计算图像灰度直方图Mat calcgrayhist(const Mat&image){Mat histogram = Mat::zeros(Size(256, 1), CV_32SC1);//图像宽高int rows = image.rows;int cols = image.cols;for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++){for (int j = 0; j < rows; j++){int index = int(image.at(i, j));histogram.at(0, index) += 1;}}return histogram;};//OTSUint OTSU(const Mat&image,Mat &OTSU_image){int rows = image.rows;int cols = image.cols;Mat histogram = calcgrayhist(image);//归一化直方图Mat normhist;histogram.convertTo(normhist, CV_32FC1, 1.0 / (rows*cols), 0.0);//计算累加直方图和一阶累积矩Mat zeroaccumulate = Mat::zeros(Size(256, 1), CV_32FC1);Mat oneaccumulate = Mat::zeros(Size(256, 1), CV_32FC1);for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++){if (i == 0){zeroaccumulate.at(0, i) = normhist.at(0, i);oneaccumulate.at(0, i) =i * normhist.at(0, i);}else{zeroaccumulate.at(0, i) = zeroaccumulate.at(0, i-1)+normhist.at(0, i);oneaccumulate.at(0, i) = oneaccumulate.at(0, i - 1)+i* normhist.at(0, i);}}//计算间类方差Mat variance= Mat::zeros(Size(256, 1), CV_32FC1);float mean = oneaccumulate.at(0, 255);for (int i = 0; i < 255; i++){if (zeroaccumulate.at(0, i) == 0 || zeroaccumulate.at(0, i) == 1)variance.at(0, i) = 0;else{float cofficient = zeroaccumulate.at(0, i)*(1.0 -zeroaccumulate.at(0, i));variance.at(0, i) = pow(mean*zeroaccumulate.at(0, i)- oneaccumulate.at(0, i), 2.0) / cofficient;}}//找到阈值；Point maxloc;//计算矩阵中最大值minMaxLoc(variance, NULL, NULL, NULL, &maxloc);int otsuthreshold = maxloc.x;threshold(image, OTSU_image, otsuthreshold, 255, THRESH_BINARY);return otsuthreshold;};int main(){Mat img, gray_img,dst;img = imread("D:/testimage/orange.jpg");cvtColor(img, gray_img, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);OTSU(gray_img,dst);imshow("otsu image", dst);waitKey(0);return 0;};

结果：

Otsu

Python：

import cv2 as cvimport numpy as npimport mathdef calc_grayhist(image):    #图像宽高    rows,cols=image.shape    grayhist=np.zeros([256],np.uint64)    for i in range(rows):        for j in range(cols):            grayhist[image[i][j]]+=1    return grayhistdef OTSU(image):    rows, cols = image.shape    grayhist=calc_grayhist(image)    #归一化直方图    uniformgrayhist=grayhist/float(rows*cols)    #计算零阶累积矩和一阶累积矩    zeroaccumulat = np.zeros([256],np.float32)    oneaccumulat = np.zeros([256], np.float32)    for k in range(256):        if k==0:            zeroaccumulat[k]=uniformgrayhist[0]            oneaccumulat[k]=k*uniformgrayhist[0]        else:            zeroaccumulat[k]=zeroaccumulat[k-1]+uniformgrayhist[k]            oneaccumulat[k]=oneaccumulat[k-1]+k*uniformgrayhist[k]    #计算间类方差    variance=np.zeros([256],np.float32)    for k in range(256):        if zeroaccumulat[k]==0 or zeroaccumulat[k]==1:            variance[k]=0        else:            variance[k]=math.pow(oneaccumulat[255]*zeroaccumulat[k]-                  oneaccumulat[k],2)/(zeroaccumulat[k]*(1.0-zeroaccumulat[k]))    threshLoc=np.where(variance[0:255]==np.max(variance[0:255]))    thresh=threshLoc[0][0]    #阈值分割    threshold=np.copy(image)    threshold[threshold>thresh]=255    threshold[threshold <= thresh] = 0    return thresholdif __name__=="__main__":    img=cv.imread("D:/testimage/cxk.jpg")    gray_dst = cv.cvtColor(img, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)    Otsu_dst=OTSU(gray_dst)    cv.imshow("gray dst",gray_dst)    cv.imshow("Otsu dst", Otsu_dst)    cv.imwrite("D:/testimage/result-cxk.jpg",Otsu_dst)    cv.waitKey(0)    cv.destroyAllWindows()

CSDN：@WitnesS

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