python定义浮点变量_如何使用python将浮点数转换为具有预定义位数的固定点

I have float 32 numbers (let's say positive numbers) in numpy format. I want to convert them to fixed point numbers with predefined number of bits to reduce precision.

For example, number 3.1415926 becomes 3.25 in matlab by using function num2fixpt.

The command is num2fixpt(3.1415926,sfix(5),2^(1 + 2-5), 'Nearest','on') which says 3 bits for integer part, 2 bits for fractional part.

Can I do the same thing using Python

解决方案

You can do it if you understand how IEEE floating point notation works. Basically you'll need to convert to a python LONG, do bitwise operators, then covert back. For example:

import time,struct,math

long2bits = lambda L: ("".join([str(int(1 << i & L > 0)) for i in range(64)]))[::-1]

double2long = lambda d: struct.unpack("Q",struct.pack("d",d))[0]

double2bits = lambda d: long2bits(double2long(d))

long2double = lambda L: struct.unpack('d',struct.pack('Q',L))[0]

bits2double = lambda b: long2double(bits2long(b))

bits2long=lambda z:sum([bool(z[i] == '1')*2**(len(z)-i-1) for i in range(len(z))[::-1]])

>>> pi = 3.1415926

>>> double2bits(pi)

'0100000000001001001000011111101101001101000100101101100001001010'

>>> bits2long('1111111111111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000')

18446462598732840960L

>>> double2long(pi)

4614256656431372362

>>> long2double(double2long(pi) & 18446462598732840960L)

3.125

>>>

def rshift(x,n=1):

while n > 0:

x = 9223372036854775808L | (x >> 1)

n -= 1

return x

>>> L = bits2long('1'*12 + '0'*52)

>>> L

18442240474082181120L

>>> long2double(rshift(L,0) & double2long(pi))

2.0

>>> long2double(rshift(L,1) & double2long(pi))

3.0

>>> long2double(rshift(L,4) & double2long(pi))

3.125

>>> long2double(rshift(L,7) & double2long(pi))

3.140625

This will only truncate the number of bits though, not round them. The rshift function is necessary because python's right-shift operator fills the empty leftmost bit with a zero. See a discription of IEEE floating point here.