简单的数据处理(二)——python数据预处理生成词频统计图、词云

python数据预处理生成词频统计图、词云

数据来源请看本人博客下 简单的数据处理(一)

一、对转换后的结果进行预处理

1、我们需要去除每一句里的不可用字符， 例如"",.!@#$%^&*(){}+=-…以及数字[0-9]等这些不可用数据

import os
import re

with open("result.txt") as f:
    for line in f:
        line = re.sub(u"[0-9\s+.!/,$%^*()?;；:-【】+\"\']+|[+——！，;:。？、~@#￥%……&*（）＞＜-]+", "", line)
        print(line)

处理后部分结果：

2、去掉换⾏符以及经过上⼀步处理后为空的数据

import os
import re

with open("result.txt") as f:
    for line in f:
        line = re.sub(u"[0-9\s+.!/,$%^*()?;；:-【】+\"\']+|[+——！，;:。？、~@#￥%……&*（）＞＜-]+", "", line)  # 去掉多余字符
        if line == "":continue
        line = line.replace("\n", "") # 去掉换行符
        print(line)

处理后的部分结果：

3、按行对处理后的数据通过jieba分词进行分词操作

安装jieba分词 pip install jieba

import os
import re
import jieba

words_str = ""
with open("result.txt") as f:
    for line in f:
        line = re.sub(u"[0-9\s+.!/,$%^*()?;；:-【】+\"\']+|[+——！，;:。？、~@#￥%……&*（）＞＜-]+", "", line)  # 去掉多余字符
        if line == "":continue
        line = line.replace("\n", "") # 去掉换行符
        seg_list = jieba.cut(line, cut_all=False)
        words_str += (" ".join(seg_list))
        print(line)

部分结果：

结果中可以看到一些 冗余的词汇个 单个字 ”的、大“这些文字
我们需要进行去除停用词处理 和 去除单个文字的操作
停用词表已上传到网盘下载链接: 链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1x0SQxXiB_ZG-Nq4hMntKGA 密码:web6

import os
import re
import jieba
import jieba.analyse

def stopwordslist():
    stopwords = [line.strip() for line in open('stopwords.txt',encoding='UTF-8').readlines()]
    return stopwords

words_str = ""
with open("result.txt") as f:
    for line in f:
        line = re.sub(u"[0-9\s+.!/,$%^*()?;；:-【】+\"\']+|[+——！，;:。？、~@#￥%……&*（）＞＜-]+", "", line)  # 去掉多余字符
        if line == "":continue
        line = line.replace("\n", "") # 去掉换行符
        seg_list = jieba.cut(line, cut_all=False)
        words_str += (" ".join(seg_list))
stopwords = stopwordslist()
words = [word for word in words_str.split(" ") if word not in stopwords and len(word) > 1] # 去除停用词和去除单个文字
print(words)

处理后的分词结果 共有7748个词：
部分结果：

4、进行词频统计

我们通过python的collections方法来进行词频统计

import os
import re
import jieba
import jieba.analyse
from collections import Counter

def stopwordslist():
    stopwords = [line.strip() for line in open('stopwords.txt',encoding='UTF-8').readlines()]
    return stopwords

words_str = ""
with open("result.txt") as f:
    for line in f:
        line = re.sub(u"[0-9\s+.!/,$%^*()?;；:-【】+\"\']+|[+——！，;:。？、~@#￥%……&*（）＞＜-]+", "", line)  # 去掉多余字符
        if line == "":continue
        line = line.replace("\n", "") # 去掉换行符
        seg_list = jieba.cut(line, cut_all=False)
        words_str += (" ".join(seg_list))

stopwords = stopwordslist()
words = [word for word in words_str.split(" ") if word not in stopwords and len(word) > 1]

word_counts = Counter()  # 词频统计
for x in words:
    word_counts[x] += 1

词频统计部分结果(不重复词共有2709个)：

5、生成词频统计图

通过python matplotlib来做词频统计图 matplotlib是python中一个比较好用的画图库
安装matplotlib： pip install matplotlib

import re
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import jieba.analyse
from collections import Counter
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = [u'SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

def stopwordslist():
    stopwords = [line.strip() for line in open('stopwords.txt',encoding='UTF-8').readlines()]
    return stopwords

def get_plt(data, title):
    x = [i[0] for i in data]
    y = [i[1] for i in data]
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    ax.barh(range(len(x)), y, color='gold')
    ax.set_yticks(range(len(x)))
    ax.set_yticklabels(x)
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = [u'SimHei']
    plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
    plt.title(title, fontsize=10)
    plt.ylabel("词")
    plt.xlabel("次数")
    plt.show()

words_str = ""
with open("result.txt") as f:
    for line in f:
        line = re.sub(u"[0-9\s+.!/,$%^*()?;；:-【】+\"\']+|[+——！，;:。？、~@#￥%……&*（）＞＜-]+", "", line)  # 去掉多余字符
        if line == "":continue
        line = line.replace("\n", "") # 去掉换行符
        seg_list = jieba.cut(line, cut_all=False)
        words_str += (" ".join(seg_list))

stopwords = stopwordslist()
words = [word for word in words_str.split(" ") if word not in stopwords and len(word) > 1]

word_counts = Counter()  # 词频统计
for x in words:
    word_counts[x] += 1
get_plt(word_counts.most_common(30), "词频统计top30") #生成统计图

结果:

6、生成词云

通过python中的wordcloud来生成词云
wordcloud安装： pip install wordcloud
首先选一张漂亮的背景图 图片任意

全部代码：

import os
import re
import PIL
import wordcloud
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from wordcloud import WordCloud
import numpy as np
import jieba.analyse
from collections import Counter
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = [u'SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

def stopwordslist():
    stopwords = [line.strip() for line in open('stopwords.txt',encoding='UTF-8').readlines()]
    return stopwords

def get_plt(data, title):
    x = [i[0] for i in data]
    y = [i[1] for i in data]
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    ax.barh(range(len(x)), y, color='gold')
    ax.set_yticks(range(len(x)))
    ax.set_yticklabels(x)
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = [u'SimHei']
    plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
    plt.title(title, fontsize=10)
    plt.ylabel("词")
    plt.xlabel("次数")
    plt.show()
    
def _wordcloud(word_counts): # 词云生成
    mask = np.array(PIL.Image.open(r'./backgroup.png'))
    wc = WordCloud(font_path='/System/Library/Fonts/Hiragino Sans GB.ttc', max_words=2000, mask=mask, repeat=False,
                   mode='RGBA')
    wc.generate_from_frequencies(word_counts)
    image_colors = wordcloud.ImageColorGenerator(mask) # 可以去掉 # 基于彩色图像生成相应彩色 文字颜色跟随背景图颜色
    wc.recolor(color_func=image_colors)
    wc.to_file("./wc_result.png")
    plt.imshow(wc)
    plt.axis('off')
    plt.show()

words_str = ""
with open("result.txt") as f:
    for line in f:
        line = re.sub(u"[0-9\s+.!/,$%^*()?;；:-【】+\"\']+|[+——！，;:。？、~@#￥%……&*（）＞＜-]+", "", line)  # 去掉多余字符
        if line == "":continue
        line = line.replace("\n", "") # 去掉换行符
        seg_list = jieba.cut(line, cut_all=False)
        words_str += (" ".join(seg_list))

stopwords = stopwordslist()
words = [word for word in words_str.split(" ") if word not in stopwords and len(word) > 1]

word_counts = Counter()  # 词频统计
for x in words:
    word_counts[x] += 1
get_plt(word_counts.most_common(30), "词频统计top30")

hotword_top30 = word_counts.most_common(30)
hotword_top30 = {x[0]: x[1] for x in hotword_top30}
get_plt(hotword_top30， "词频统计图top30")
_wordcloud(word_counts) # 词云生成

结果：

简单的数据处理全部完成，有什么不懂的可以留言