链式法则是微积分中的求导法则,用于求一个复合函数的导数
假设
a
,
b
,
c
,
d
,
e
a,b,c,d,e
a,b,c,d,e 存在下面的关系:
a + b = c b + 1 = d c × d = e a+b=c \\ b+1=d \\ c\times d=e a+b=cb+1=dc×d=e
假设
a
=
2
,
b
=
1
a=2,b=1
a=2,b=1
那么
c
=
a
+
b
=
3
d
=
b
+
1
=
2
c=a+b=3\\d=b+1=2
c=a+b=3d=b+1=2
逐级求导:
∂
c
∂
a
=
1
,
∂
c
∂
b
=
1
\frac{\partial c}{\partial a}=1, \frac{\partial c}{\partial b}=1
∂a∂c=1,∂b∂c=1
∂ d ∂ b = 1 \frac{\partial d}{\partial b}=1 ∂b∂d=1
∂ e ∂ c = d = 2 , ∂ e ∂ d = c = 3 \frac{\partial e}{\partial c}=d=2, \frac{\partial e}{\partial d}=c=3 ∂c∂e=d=2,∂d∂e=c=3
图示如下:
链式求导:
∂
e
∂
a
=
∂
e
∂
c
∂
c
∂
a
=
2
×
1
=
2
\frac{\partial e}{\partial a}=\frac{\partial e}{\partial c}\frac{\partial c}{\partial a}=2 \times 1=2
∂a∂e=∂c∂e∂a∂c=2×1=2
∂ e ∂ b = ∂ e ∂ c ∂ c ∂ b + ∂ e ∂ d ∂ d ∂ b = 2 × 1 + 3 × 1 = 5 \frac{\partial e}{\partial b}=\frac{\partial e}{\partial c}\frac{\partial c}{\partial b}+\frac{\partial e}{\partial d}\frac{\partial d}{\partial b}=2\times1+3\times1=5 ∂b∂e=∂c∂e∂b∂c+∂d∂e∂b∂d=2×1+3×1=5
验证:
e
=
c
×
d
=
(
a
+
b
)
×
(
b
+
1
)
=
a
b
+
b
2
+
a
+
b
\begin{aligned}e &=c\times d \\ &=(a+b)\times(b+1) \\ &=ab+b^2+a+b \end{aligned}
e=c×d=(a+b)×(b+1)=ab+b2+a+b
∂ e ∂ a = b + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 \frac{\partial e}{\partial a}=b+1=1+1=2 ∂a∂e=b+1=1+1=2
∂ e ∂ b = a + 2 b + 1 = 2 + 2 × 1 + 1 = 5 \frac{\partial e}{\partial b}=a+2b+1=2+2\times 1+1=5 ∂b∂e=a+2b+1=2+2×1+1=5