day02 数据类型

数据类型的概要：

	  类		基于str类实例化出来的对象
字符串 str(upper) ："中国"	"日本"	"台湾省"
列表	list ：[1,2,3]	["王","阳"]
字典	dict ：{"k1":123,"k2":345}	{"age":"xx","name":"alex"}
元组	tuple
集合	set
布尔	bool
特殊  None

name = "root"
val = name.upper()
print(val) # "ROOT"

今日概要

• int
• None
• bool
• str
• list
• tuple
• dict

1.整型（int）

age = 18

其他进制：
v2 = "010100100101"
v8 = "010100100101"
v16 = "010100100101"

v1 = 982

v2 = bin(v1)
v3 = oct(v1)
v4 = hex(v1)

# 0b1111010110 0o1726 0x3d6
v1 = "0b1111010110"
v2 = int(v1,base=2)

练习题

ip = "192.168.11.23"

# 1.切割成四个数字
data_list = ip.split(".")  # ["192","168","11","23"]

# 2.获取列表的第一个值
v1 = data_list[0] # "192"

# 3.整型
v2 = int(v1) # 192

# 4.二进制
v3 = bin(v2) # "0b10010010101"

2.None

v1 = ""
..
...
v1 = "aaa"

v2 = None
v2 = "aaa"

None转化布尔值也是False。

3.布尔类型（bool）

都有哪些东西转成bool是False：

• 0
• “”
• None
• []
• ()
• {}

4.字符串类型（str）

v1 = "root"
data = v1.upper()

print(v1) # root
print(data) # ROOT

v1 = [11,22,33]
v1.append(44)

print(v1) # [11,22,33,44]

4.1 独有功能

• startswith、endswith

name = "root"

# True/False
v1 = name.startswith("xx")

addr = input("地址：")

if addr.startswith("北京"):
    print("京户")
else:
    print("非京户")

• upper/lower

name = "root"

v1 = name.upper()
print(v1) # ROOT

while True:
    num = input("请输入数字（q/Q）：")
    data = num.upper()
    if data == "Q":
        break

• isdecimal，判断输入的字符串是否是整数

print("欢迎使用xx系统")
print("1.登录;2.注册;3.注销...")
choice = input("请选择：")

if choice.isdecimal():
    data = int(choice)
    print("序号是：", data)
else:
    print("序号选择错误")

v1 = "②"

print(v1.isdecimal())  # True
print(v1.isdigit())  # True

• strip/lstrip/rstrip

v1 = " 路飞 "

print(len(v1))  # 4

res = v1.strip()
print(res, len(res))  # 2

text = "中国的国中"

res = text.rstrip("中")
print(res) # 中国的国

text = "中国的国中"

res = text.rstrip("国中")
print(res) # 中国的

text = "中国的国中"

res = text.rstrip("国")
print(res)  # 中国的国中

text = "中国的国中"

res = text.rstrip("中国")
print(res) # 中国的

• replace

name = "日本人是人"
data = name.replace("日本","**")

print(data) # "**人是人"

text = "刘森和王卓是好基友"

text.replace("刘","**")
text.replace("王","xx")

print(text) # **和xx是好基友
print(text) # 刘和xx是好基友

text = "刘和王是好基友"

v1 = text.replace("刘","**") 
v2 = v1.replace("王","xx")

print(v2) # **和xx是好基友

text = "刘和王是好基友"

text = text.replace("刘","**") 
text = text.replace("王","xx") 

text = input(">>>") # 王今天和阳一起玩，玩到深夜去找刘，被刘骂了出来。

data_list = ["王","刘","阳"]
for item in data_list:
	# item="王" "刘","欧"
    # **今天和阳一起玩，玩到深夜去找**，被**骂了出来。
    text = text.replace(item,"**") 

• split/rsplit

ip = "192.168.11.11"
data_list = ip.split(".") # ["192","168","11","11"]

ip = "192.168.11.11"
data_list = ip.split(".", maxsplit=1)

print(data_list)  # ['192', '168.11.11']

file_path= "C:\xxx\xxx\xx.mp4"
data_list = file_path.rplit(".",maxsplit=1) # ["C:\xxx\xxx\xx","mp4"]

cls_path = "xx.xxxx.xxx.xxx.UserInfo"
cls_path.rsplit(".",maxsplit=1)

• join

res = "*".join(["192","188"])
print(res) # "192*188"

#'aid=246387571&auto_play=0&cid=289008441&did=KREhESMUJh8tFCEVaRVpE2taPQk7WChCJg&epid=0&ftime=1627100937&lv=0&mid=0&part=1&sid=0&stime=1627104372&sub_type=0&type=3'

data_list = ["aid=246387571","auto_play=0","cid=289008441"]

res = "&".join(data_list)
print(res)

param = {
    "aid":"246387571",
    "auto_play":"0",
    "cid":"289008441",
}

# data_list = ["aid=246387571","auto_play=0","cid=289008441"]
data_list = []

# 1.循环字典，并添加到列表中
for k,v in param.items():
    # k=aid v=246387571
    ele = "{}={}".format(k,v) # "aid=246387571"

    data_list.append(ele)
    
# 2.拼接起来
res = "&".join(data_list)
print(res)

• center / ljust / rjust / zfill

name = "鹏"

res = name.center(13, "*")
print(res

name = "鹏"

res = name.ljust(13, "*")
print(res)

name = "鹏"

res = name.rjust(13, "*")
print(res)

name = "101"

res = name.zfill(10)
print(res) # 0000000101

4.2 公共功能

• 长度

v = len("ax")

• 索引，下标

#       0 1 23 4 5
name = "中国北京昌平"

name[0]
name[1]
name[2]
name[ len(name)-1 ]
name[-1]

循环输出字符串中的每一个字符

1.括号
	print()
    input()
    range()
    len()
    
    取索引
    	name = "中国北京昌平"
    	name[2]
	列表数据类型
    	v1 = [11,22,33,44,55]
2.语法规则
	if xx:
        pass
    else:
        pass
    
    for x in xx:
        pass
    
    while True:
        pass
    
3.循环
	- while循环
    	count = 0
    	while True:
			print(count)
            count += 1
        
	- for循环
    	range(5)
        for i in range(5):
            # 0/1/2/3/4

# while循环

name = "中国北京昌平"
count = 0
while True:
    print(name[count])
    count += 1
    if count == len(name):
        break

name = "中国北京昌平"
for i in range(len(name)): # [0,1,2,3,4,5]
    print(name[i])

text = "我们的"
for i in text:
    print(i)

• 切片

#       0 1 23 4 5
#             -2 -1
name = "中国北京昌平"

v1 = name[0:2]  # 中国
print(v1)

v2 = name[1:5]  # 国北京昌
print(v2)

v3 = name[1:-1]  # 国北京昌
print(v3)

v4 = name[1:]  # 国北京昌平
print(v4)

v5 = name[:-1]  # 中国北京昌
print(v5)

v6 = name[:]  # 中国北京昌平
print(v6)

v1 = 187

v2 = bin(v1) # 0b01010101
res = v2[2:]

print(res)

• 步长

#       0 1 23 4 5
#             -2 -1
name = "中国北京昌平"
text[0:5:2]

name = "中国北京昌平"
res = name[::-1]
print(res)

name = "中国北京昌平"

char_list = []
for i in range(len(name) - 1, -1, -1):  # [5,4,3,2,1,0]
    char = name[i]
    char_list.append(char)

res = "".join(char_list)
print(res)

• 包含

name = "中国北京昌平"
v1 = "北京" in name

name = "中国北京昌平"
if "北京" in name:
    pass
else:
    pass

练习题
1、提示用户持续录入敏感字符串 ，直到输入(Q/q)终止。每输入一个敏感字符串，就在列表中添加一个。

data = []
data.append(1)
data.append("xx")
print(data)

data_list = []
while True:
    data = input("请输入（q/Q）：")
    if data == "q" or data == "Q":
        break
    data_list.append(data)
print(data)

data_list = []
while True:
    data = input("请输入（q/Q）：")
    if data.upper() == "Q":
        break
    data_list.append(data)
print(data)

data_list = []
while True:
    data = input("请输入（q/Q）：")   
    data = data.strip()
    if not data:
        print("输入不能为空")
        continue
    if data.upper() == "Q":
        break
    data_list.append(data)
print(data)

data_list = []
while True:
    data = input("请输入（q/Q）：").strip()
    if not data:
        print("输入不能为空")
        continue
    if data.upper() == "Q":
        break
    data_list.append(data)
print(data)

text = "沙河是一个美丽如绕的城市"

text = text.replace("沙","潮白").replace("美丽","魅力").strip()

2、提示用户输入两个值，保证两个值都要是数字（一直输入指导是数字），两个数字相加。

while True:
    num1 = input("请输入数字：").strip()
    if not num1:
        print("输入不能为空")
        continue
    if num1.isdecimal():
        num1 = int(num1)
        break

while True:
    num2 = input("请输入数字：").strip()
    if not num2:
        print("输入不能为空")
        continue
    if num2.isdecimal():
        num2 = int(num2)
        break

res = num1 + num2
print(res)

while True:
    num1 = input("请输入数字：").strip()
    num2 = input("请输入数字：").strip()
    if num1.isdecimal() and num2.isdecimal():
        res = int(num1) + int(num2)
        print(res)
        break
    print("输入错误，请重新输入")

num_list = []
while True:
    num = input("请输入数字：").strip()
    if not num:
        print("输入不能为空")
        continue
    if num.isdecimal():
        num_list.append(int(num))
        if len(num_list) == 2:
            break
    else:
        print("格式不合法")

res = num_list[0] + num_list[1]

3、遍历一个目录下所有的文件，找到所有 png or PNG 后缀的文件。

file_name = "xxxxx.png"

# ["xxxxxx","png"]
data_list = file_name.rsplit(".",maxsplit=1)

ext = data_list[-1]

# 遍历目录下的所有文件
import os

file_name_list = os.listdir(r"/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/day02")

# ['log.txt', '1.初识数据类型.py', '.idea']
for file_name in file_name_list:
    print(file_name,type(file_name))

import os

# 1.遍历目录下所有的文件和文件夹并放入列表
file_name_list = os.listdir("/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/day02")

# 2.循环这个列表，获取每个文件名称
for file_name in file_name_list:
    data_list = file_name.rsplit(".", maxsplit=1)
    # 获取扩展名
    ext = data_list[-1]
    # 判断是否是png
    if ext.lower() == 'png':
        print(file_name)

4、让用户输入一段文本，遍历文本的每个字符，如果是数字则追加到列表；然后将所有的字符串拼接起来；再将拼接起来的字符串转换成整形；再转换成二进制；不要前面0b。

data_list = ["1","4","9"]

res = "".join(data)
print(res) # "149"

data_list = []

text = input("请输入：")
for i in text:
	if i.isdecimal():
        data_list.append(i)

print(data_list)

data_list = []

text = input("请输入：")
for i in text:
    if i.isdecimal():
        data_list.append(i)

data_string = "".join(data_list)
data_int = int(data_string)
data_bin_string = bin(data_int)
print(data_bin_string[2:])

data_list = []

text = input("请输入：")
for i in text:
    if i.isdecimal():
        data_list.append(i)

res = bin(int("".join(data_list)))[2:]
print(res)

5.列表（list）

data = [1,1,True,None,"",[11,22,34],"xxx"]

5.1独有功能

• 追加

data = []
data.append(11)
data.append(22)

print(data) # [11,22]

• 插入

data = ["王卓", "于明宇"]

data.insert(0, "欧阳")

print(data) # ["欧阳","王卓", "于明宇"]

• 删除（值）

data = ["阳", "王", "于"]

data.remove("王")

print(data)

data = ["阳", "王", "于"]

v1 = data.pop(2)

print(data) # ["阳", "王"]
print(v1) # "于"

# 练习题1
user_list = []

while True:
    user = input("请输入用户名：").strip()
    pwd = input("请输入密码：").strip()
    item = "{},{}".format(user,pwd)
    user_list.append(item)

# 练习题2
user_list = []
while True:
    name = input("姓名：")
    if name.startswith("李"):
        user_list.insert(0,name)
	else:
        user_list.append(name)

# 订票系统
user_list = []
while True:
    name = input("姓名：")
    if name.upper() == 'Q':
        break
    user_list.append(name)
    
# 获取前三个人
u1 = user_list.pop(0)
u2 = user_list.pop(0)
u3 = user_list.pop(0)
print(u1,u2,u3)

# 买不到票的人
user_string = ",".join(user_list)
message = "抱歉，以下人员无票:{}".format(user_string)
print(message)

• 排序

num_list = [11, 22, 33, 9, 10, 90]

print(num_list)
# num_list.sort() # 从小到大
num_list.sort(reverse=True)  # 从大到小
print(num_list)

num_list = ["root-1", "alex-2", "李-3", "土鳖-4"]

print(num_list)
# num_list.sort() # 从小到大
num_list.sort(reverse=True)  # 从大到小
print(num_list)

5.2 公共功能

• 长度 len([11,22,33])

• 索引

num_list = ["root-1", "alex-2", "李-3", "土鳖-4"]

num_list[0]
num_list[1]
num_list[-1]

num_list[1] = "xxxx"
print(num_list)

del num_list[0]

• 切片

num_list = ["root-1", "alex-2", "李-3", "土鳖-4"]

num_list[0:3]

• for循环

num_list = ["root-1", "alex-2", "李-3", "土鳖-4"]
for item in num_list:
    print(item)

• 包含

v1 = "root" in ["root-1", "alex-2", "李-3", "土鳖-4"]

data_list = ["root-1", "alex-2", "李-3", "土鳖-4"]
if "root" in data_list:
    print('...')
else:
    print("...")
    

5.3 嵌套

data_list = [
	1,
	5,
	True,
	None,
	"路飞",
	[11,22,33],
	["99","alex", [99,88,56], "root"]
]

data_list[0] 
data_list[3] 
data_list[4][0] 
data_list[5][-1] 
data_list[6][1][-1]

data_list.append(999)
data_list[-1].append(999)
data_list[-1][2].append(999)
data_list[-1][1].upper()

案例：循环提示用户注册，输入Q/q终止

user_list = [
    ["用户名","密码 "],
    ["用户名","密码 "],
    ["用户名","密码 "],
]

user_list = []

v1 = ["root","123"]
user_list.append(v1)

v2 = ["root","123"]
user_list.append(v2)

v3 = ["root","123"]
user_list.append(v3)

print(user_list)

user_list = []

while True:
    user = input("请输入用户名:")
    if user.upper() == "Q":
        break
    pwd = input("请输入密码:")    

    v1 = []
    v1.append(pwd)
    v1.append(user)    
    
    user_list.append(v1)

print(user_list)

v1 = [11,22,33]

n1 = 11
n2 = 22
v2 = [n1,n2]

user_list = []

while True:
    user = input("请输入用户名:")
    if user.upper() == "Q":
        break
    pwd = input("请输入密码:")    

    v1 = [user,pwd] 
    
    user_list.append(v1)

print(user_list)

user_list = []

while True:
    user = input("请输入用户名:")
    if user.upper() == "Q":
        break
    pwd = input("请输入密码:")    
   
    user_list.append(   [user,pwd]    )

print(user_list)

继续实现：用户登录。

user_list = [
    ["root","123 "],
    。。。
    ["admin","123 "],
]

user_list = []

while True:
    user = input("请输入用户名:")
    if user.upper() == "Q":
        break
    pwd = input("请输入密码:")    
   
    user_list.append(   [user,pwd]    )

# 1.提示用户输入用户名和密码
username = input("用户名：")
password = input("用户名：")

# 2.校验
is_success = False
for item in user_list:
    if item[0] == username and item[1] == password:
		is_success = True
        break

if is_success:
    print("登录成功")
else:
    print("登录失败")

6.元组 （tuple）

元素不可以被修改的一个容器。

# 列表
v1 = [11,22,33]

# 元组
v2 = (11,22,33)

6.1 独有功能（无）

6.2 公共功能

• 长度

v2 = (11,22,33)
data = len(v2)
print(data) # 3

• 索引

v3 = (11,22,33)

v3[0]
v3[-1]
v3[ len(v3) -1   ]

• 切片

num = ("root", "alex", "李", "土鳖")

data = num[1:3]
print(data) # ('alex', '李')

• for循环

num = ("root", "alex", "李", "土鳖")
for item in num:
    print(item)

• 包含

num = ("root", "alex", "李", "土鳖")
if "xx" in num:
    pass
else:
    pass

6.3 嵌套

data = (
	1,
    True,
    "",
    "alex",
    (11,22,[11,22,33],33),
    [11,22,33,(999,666),44]
)

data[0]
data[-2][-1]
data[-2][-2][1]

data[0] = 9989 # 失败
data[-1].append(9989) # 成功

6.4 必考题

v4 = (123,123)
v5 = (123,123,)

v4 = (123)
v5 = (123,)

v1 = 123
v2 = (123)
v3 = (123,)

练习题

user_list = [
    ("用户","密码")
]

user_list = []
while True:
    user = input(">>>")
    pwd = input(">>>")
    
    item = (user,pwd, )
    user_list.append(item)

生成一副扑克牌。

poke_list = [
    ("黑桃",1),
    ("黑桃",2),
    ("黑桃",3),
]

color_list = ["黑桃","红桃","方片","梅花"]
num_list = range(1,14)

poke_list = []

for color in color_list:
    # color = "黑桃"
    for num in num_list:
        # num = 1 2 3 4 ... 13
        item = (color,num)
        poke_list.append(item)
print(poke_list)

import random

color_list = ["黑桃", "红桃", "方片", "梅花"]
num_list = range(1, 14)

poke_list = []

for color in color_list:
    # color = "黑桃"
    for num in num_list:
        # num = 1 2 3 4 ... 13
        item = (color, num)
        poke_list.append(item)

user_poker_list = []
for i in range(3):
    index = random.randint(0, len(poke_list) - 1)
    tuple_item = poke_list.pop(index)
    user_poker_list.append(tuple_item)


result = 0
for item in user_poker_list:
    number = item[-1]
    result += number

print(result)

现在：有三个人，每个人抽三张牌。

import random

color_list = ["黑桃", "红桃", "方片", "梅花"]
num_list = range(1, 14)

poke_list = []

for color in color_list:
    # color = "黑桃"
    for num in num_list:
        # num = 1 2 3 4 ... 13
        item = (color, num)
        poke_list.append(item)

"""
[
    [('方片', 12), ('黑桃', 1), ('黑桃', 2)],
    [('梅花', 1), ('红桃', 7), ('方片', 5)],
    [('梅花', 9), ('红桃', 1), ('梅花', 11)]
]
"""

total_user_list = []
for _ in range(3):
    user_poker_list = []
    for i in range(3):
        index = random.randint(0, len(poke_list) - 1)
        tuple_item = poke_list.pop(index)
        user_poker_list.append(tuple_item)
    total_user_list.append(user_poker_list)

print(total_user_list)
score_list = []
for item_list in total_user_list:
    score = 0
    for item in item_list:
        score += item[-1]
    score_list.append(score)

print(score_list)

# result = 0
# for item in user_poker_list:
#     number = item[-1]
#     result += number
#
# print(result)