数据线性关系的可视化

数据线性关系的可视化

%matplotlib inline

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

sns.set(color_codes=True)
np.random.seed(sum(map(ord, "regression")))

tips = sns.load_dataset("tips")
tips.head()

	total_bill	tip	sex	smoker	day	time	size
0	16.99	1.01	Female	No	Sun	Dinner	2
1	10.34	1.66	Male	No	Sun	Dinner	3
2	21.01	3.50	Male	No	Sun	Dinner	3
3	23.68	3.31	Male	No	Sun	Dinner	2
4	24.59	3.61	Female	No	Sun	Dinner	4

线性回归模型

# sns.regplot?

sns.regplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", data=tips);

[外链图片转存(img-9RVX2IDz-1562743123681)(output_7_0.png)]

sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", data=tips);

[外链图片转存失败(img-Jqsftv5A-1562743123683)(output_8_0.png)]

** sns.regplot() vs sns.lmplot() **

• 相同:
  • 绘制两变量的散点图并拟合回归曲线并绘制95%置信区间
  • 共享主要的绘图内核函数
• 不同:
  • 图的形状不同
  • 接受的参数不同
    • .regplot()，接受多种类型的数据结构，ndarray，series，objects
    • .lmplot()，只接受字符串，也就是x，y必须指定为字符串，及DataFrame中的变量名放在引号中。

sns.lmplot(x="size", y="tip", data=tips, x_jitter=.25);

[外链图片转存失败(img-eoIRTtMH-1562743123683)(output_10_0.png)]

sns.lmplot(x="size", y="tip", data=tips, x_estimator=np.mean);

[外链图片转存失败(img-03BgyfIl-1562743123684)(output_11_0.png)]

拟合不同类型的模型

anscombe = sns.load_dataset("anscombe")
anscombe.head()

	dataset	x	y
0	I	10.0	8.04
1	I	8.0	6.95
2	I	13.0	7.58
3	I	9.0	8.81
4	I	11.0	8.33

sns.lmplot(x="x", y="y", data=anscombe.query("dataset == 'I'"), ci=None, scatter_kws={"s": 120});

[外链图片转存失败(img-0KISi5ZV-1562743123684)(output_14_0.png)]

sns.lmplot(x="x", y="y", data=anscombe, ci=None, scatter_kws={"s": 120}, col="dataset");

[外链图片转存失败(img-JMYfH2Ci-1562743123684)(output_15_0.png)]

sns.lmplot(x="x", y="y", data=anscombe.query("dataset == 'II'"), order=2, ci=None, scatter_kws={"s": 80});

[外链图片转存失败(img-aZt5ZllT-1562743123685)(output_16_0.png)]

sns.lmplot(x="x", y="y", data=anscombe.query("dataset == 'III'"), robust=True, ci=None, scatter_kws={"s": 80});

[外链图片转存失败(img-THigsBHz-1562743123685)(output_17_0.png)]

tips["big_tip"] = (tips.tip / tips.total_bill) > .15  # tips超过总账单的15%
sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="big_tip", data=tips, y_jitter=.03);

[外链图片转存失败(img-yWdYsd2G-1562743123685)(output_18_0.png)]

# y="big_tip" 是二值变量，所以我们可以拟合logistic regression
sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="big_tip", data=tips, logistic=True, y_jitter=.03);

[外链图片转存失败(img-OYzq4KYb-1562743123686)(output_19_0.png)]

sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", data=tips, lowess=False);

[外链图片转存失败(img-Y4CLoYk0-1562743123686)(output_20_0.png)]

sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", data=tips, lowess=True);

[外链图片转存失败(img-jfxhBab2-1562743123688)(output_21_0.png)]

残差图

sns.residplot(x="x", y="y", data=anscombe.query("dataset == 'I'"), scatter_kws={"s": 80});

[外链图片转存失败(img-ZRyXsIXk-1562743123688)(output_23_0.png)]

sns.residplot(x="x", y="y", data=anscombe.query("dataset == 'II'"), scatter_kws={"s": 80}, color="g");

[外链图片转存失败(img-lcC7luAQ-1562743123688)(output_24_0.png)]

sns.residplot(x="x", y="y", data=anscombe.query("dataset == 'II'"), order=2, scatter_kws={"s": 80});

[外链图片转存失败(img-1B0iwFmL-1562743123689)(output_25_0.png)]

以其他变量分组后拟合模型

sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", hue="smoker", data=tips);

[外链图片转存失败(img-Ip395rOR-1562743123689)(output_27_0.png)]

sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", hue="smoker", data=tips, markers=["o", "x"], palette="Set1");

[外链图片转存失败(img-uZMgtwrj-1562743123689)(output_28_0.png)]

sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", hue="smoker", col="time", data=tips);

[外链图片转存失败(img-5SSELttl-1562743123690)(output_29_0.png)]

sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", hue="smoker", col="time", row="sex", data=tips);

[外链图片转存失败(img-HsjrsyDT-1562743123690)(output_30_0.png)]

设置图形的大小和形状

f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 6))
sns.regplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", data=tips, ax=ax);

[外链图片转存失败(img-LwXcpmTH-1562743123690)(output_32_0.png)]

sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", col="day", data=tips, col_wrap=4, size=4);

[外链图片转存失败(img-EwBPYtUL-1562743123691)(output_33_0.png)]

sns.lmplot?

sns.lmplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", col="day", data=tips, aspect=.8);
# size, 高
# aspect, 屏幕高宽比

[外链图片转存失败(img-Gz3WISYn-1562743123691)(output_35_0.png)]

在其他上下文中绘制回归图

sns.jointplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", data=tips, kind="reg");

[外链图片转存失败(img-IXCZxEtq-1562743123691)(output_37_0.png)]

sns.pairplot(tips, x_vars=["total_bill", "size"], y_vars=["tip"], size=5, aspect=.9, kind="reg");

[外链图片转存失败(img-qh5p22OJ-1562743123692)(output_38_0.png)]

sns.pairplot(tips, x_vars=["total_bill", "size"], y_vars=["tip"],
             hue="smoker", size=5, aspect=.8, kind="reg");

[外链图片转存失败(img-AZ7FwunS-1562743123692)(output_39_0.png)]