线程条件控制实现线程的同步

概念
条件变量是线程另一可用的同步机制。条件变量给多个线程提供了一个会合的场所。条件变量与互斥量一起使用时，允许线程以无竞争的方式等待特定的条件发生。
用法
第一步全局定义一个pthread_cond_t类型

pthread_cond_t cond;

第二步在主函数创建及销毁条件变量

#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond, const pthread_condattr_t *restrict attr);
int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t cond);
// 返回：若成功返回0，否则返回错误编号

第三步线程等待

int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond, pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex);

或者

int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond, pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, cond struct timespec *restrict timeout);

第四步另一个线程触发线程等待运行

int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t cond);

或者

int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t cond);

例子：
fun1检测等待pthread_cond_wait
fun2计数到达3时使用pthread_cond_signal触发退出动作

#include<stdio.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int data = 0;
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_cond_t cond;
void *fun1(void *arg){
	
	printf("t1: %ld thread\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());//将其id输出
	printf("param1 : %d\n",*((int *)arg));
	pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
	while(1){
		pthread_cond_wait(&cond,&mutex);
		printf("=====t1 run======\n");
		printf("t1: %d\n",data);
		printf("=====t1 quit======\n");
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
		exit(0);
		
	}
}
void *fun2(void *arg){
	
	printf("t2: %ld thread\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());//将其id输出
	printf("param2 : %d\n",*((int *)arg));
	while(1){
		pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
		printf("t2: %d\n",data++);
		if(data == 3){
			pthread_cond_signal(&cond);
		}
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);	
		sleep(1);
	}
}
int main(){
	int ret;
	int param = 100;
	pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
	pthread_cond_init(&cond,NULL);
	pthread_t t1;
	pthread_t t2;
	char *pret = NULL;
	ret = pthread_create(&t1,NULL,fun1,(void *)&param);//创建线程
	ret = pthread_create(&t2,NULL,fun2,(void *)&param);
	printf("main: %ld thread\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
	
	pthread_join(t1,NULL);	
	pthread_join(t2,NULL);	
	pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
	pthread_cond_destroy(&cond);
	return 0;
}