| 指令（含伪指令） | 作用 |
|---|
| EQU | 给数字常量取一个符号名，相当于 C 语言中的 define |
| AREA | 汇编一个新的代码段或者数据段 |
| SPACE | 分配内存空间 |
| PRESERVE8 | 当前文件堆栈需按照 8 字节对齐 |
| EXPORT | 声明一个标号具有全局属性，可被外部的文件使用 |
| DCD | 以字为单位分配内存，要求 4 字节对齐，并要求初始化这些内存 |
| PROC | 定义子程序，与 ENDP 成对使用，表示子程序结束 |
| WEAK | 弱定义，如果外部文件声明了一个标号，则优先使用外部文件定义的标号，如果外部文件没有定义也不出错。 |
| IMPORT | 声明标号来自外部文件，跟 C 语言中的 EXTERN 关键字类似 |
| B | 跳转到一个标号 |
| ALIGN | 编译器对指令或者数据的存放地址进行对齐，一般需要跟一个立即数，缺省表示 4 字节对齐。要注意的是：这个不是 ARM 的指令，是编译器的，这里放在一起只是为了方便。 |
| END | 到达文件的末尾，文件结束 |
| IF,ELSE,ENDIF | 汇编条件分支语句，跟 C 语言的类似 |
| LDR | 从存储器中加载字到一个寄存器中 |
| BL | 跳转到由寄存器/标号给出的地址，并把跳转前的下条指令地址保存到 LR |
| BLX | 跳转到由寄存器给出的地址，并根据寄存器的 LSE 确定处理器的状态，还要把跳转前的下条指令地址保存到 LR |
| BX | 跳转到由寄存器/标号给出的地址，不用返回 |
****;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics ********************
;* File Name : startup_stm32f10x_hd.s
;* Author : MCD Application Team
;* Version : V3.5.0
;* Date : 11-March-2011
;* Description : STM32F10x High Density Devices vector table for MDK-ARM
;* toolchain.
;* This module performs:
;* - Set the initial SP
**设置初始堆栈指针（SP）**
;* - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler
**设置初始程序计数器（PC）为复位向量，并在执行main函数前初始化系统时钟**
;* - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
**时**
;* - Configure the clock system and also configure the external
;* SRAM mounted on STM3210E-EVAL board to be used as data
;* memory (optional, to be enabled by user)
**配置时钟系统并配置安装在STM3210E-EVAL板上的外部SRAM用作数据存储器（可选，由用户启 用）**
;* - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually
;* calls main()).
;* After Reset the CortexM3 processor is in Thread mode,
;* priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
**复位后，CortexM3处理器处于线程模式，优先级为Privileged，堆栈设置为Main。**
;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>>
;*******************************************************************************
; THE PRESENT FIRMWARE WHICH IS FOR GUIDANCE ONLY AIMS AT PROVIDING CUSTOMERS
; WITH CODING INFORMATION REGARDING THEIR PRODUCTS IN ORDER FOR THEM TO SAVE TIME.
; AS A RESULT, STMICROELECTRONICS SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
; INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WITH RESPECT TO ANY CLAIMS ARISING FROM THE
; CONTENT OF SUCH FIRMWARE AND/OR THE USE MADE BY CUSTOMERS OF THE CODING
; INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR PRODUCTS.
;*******************************************************************************
; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; Tailor this value to your application needs
; <h> Stack Configuration
; <o> Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000800
EQU——EQU伪操作为数字常量。 语法格式：name EQU EXPR{,type}，Stack_Size EQU 0x00000800指的是定义Stack_Size 符号的值为0x00000800。
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
堆栈段，未初始化，允许读写，8字节边界对齐。说明: Cortex-M3的指令地址要求是字边界对齐（4字节）；但是代码段是8字节边界对齐的
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size 分配堆栈空间，把首地址赋给Stack_Mem
__initial_sp 初始化堆栈指针，指向堆栈顶.
**此处有个一个问题讨论，关于栈顶在RAM中所处位置问题，很多初学者一直以为是编译器特意放在HEAP段之后是有意为之，并且认为这样可以利用heap未分配空间来防止未知的栈溢出问题。这种理解是错误的，链接器并不会为栈的位置做特殊的处理，而且这样做也并不会利用heap段，在此文件的最后对堆栈的初始化代码中可以看出他们是两个互相独立的数据区。此处出现的现 象是因为MDK按数据段的字母顺序链接数据段的地址的，所以此处造成了堆的地址在栈的前面的假象，不要窃以为是有某种特殊的约定。**
; <h> Heap Configuration
; <o> Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200 定义堆的大小
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3 堆段,未初始化,允许读写,堆数据段8字节边界对齐
__heap_base
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size 分配堆空间
__heap_limit 与__heap_base配合限制堆的大小
PRESERVE8 命令指定当前文件保持栈的八字节对齐
THUMB 指令集，THUMB 必须位于使用新语法的任何Thumb代码之前
; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset 以下为向量表，在复位时被映射到FLASH的0地址
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY 复位段,只包含数据，只读
EXPORT __Vectors EXPORT 命令声明一个符号，可由链接器用于解释各个目标和库文件中的符号引用，相当于声明了一个全局变量。 GLOBAL 于 EXPORT相同。标号输出，中断向量表开始
EXPORT __Vectors_End 中断向量表结束
EXPORT __Vectors_Size 中断向量表大小
DCD 命令分配一个或多个字的存储器，在四个字节的边界上对齐，并定义存储器的运行时初值。
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack **栈顶指针，被放在向量表的开始，FLASH的0地址，复位后首先装载栈顶指针**
DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler ** 复位异常，装载完栈顶后，第一个执行的，并且不返回。**
DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler **不可屏蔽中断**
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler **硬件错误中断**
DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler **内存管理错误中断**
DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler **总线错误中断，一般发生在数据访问异常，比如fsmc访问不当**
DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault Handler **用法错误中断，一般是预取值，或者位置指令，数据处理等错误**
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler **系统调用异常，主要是为了调用操作系统内核服务**
DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler **调试监视异常**
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; **PendSV Handler 挂起异常，此处可以看见用作了uCOS-II的上下文切换异常，这是被推荐使用的，因为Cortex-M3会在异常发生时自动保存R0-R3，; R12,R13(堆栈指针SP)，R14(链接地址，也叫返回地址LR，在异常返回时使用)，R15（程序计数器PC，为当前应用程序+4）和中断完成时自动回复，;我们只需保存R4-R11,大大减少了中断响应和上下文切换的时间。;说明：此处涉及到一个中断保存寄存器问题：因为在所有的运行模式下，未分组寄存器都指向同一个物理寄存器，他们未被系统用作特殊的用途，因此，在中断或者异常处理进行模式转换时由于不同模式（此处为"线程"和"特权"）均使用相同的物理寄存器，可能会造成寄存器中数据的破坏。这也是常说的"关键代码段"和"l临界区"保护的原因。**
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler **SysTick Handler 滴答定时器，为操作系统内核时钟**
; External Interrupts **以下为外部中断向量表**
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window Watchdog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
DCD TAMPER_IRQHandler ; Tamper
DCD RTC_IRQHandler ; RTC
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; Flash
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 0
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 1
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 2
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 3
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 4
DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 1
DCD DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 2
DCD DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 3
DCD DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 4
DCD DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 5
DCD DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 6
DCD DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 7
DCD ADC1_2_IRQHandler ; ADC1 & ADC2
DCD USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; USB High Priority or CAN1 TX
DCD USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; USB Low Priority or CAN1 RX0
DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX1
DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 SCE
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 9..5
DCD TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break
DCD TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 15..10
DCD RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line
DCD USBWakeUp_IRQHandler ; USB Wakeup from suspend
DCD TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Break
DCD TIM8_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Update
DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Capture Compare
DCD ADC3_IRQHandler ; ADC3
DCD FSMC_IRQHandler ; FSMC
DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ; SDIO
DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ; TIM5
DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ; SPI3
DCD UART4_IRQHandler ; UART4
DCD UART5_IRQHandler ; UART5
DCD TIM6_IRQHandler ; TIM6
DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ; TIM7
DCD DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel1
DCD DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel2
DCD DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel3
DCD DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel4 & Channel5
__Vectors_End **向量表结束标志**
__Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors **计算向量表地址空间大小**
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY **定义C编译器源代码的代码段，只读。|.text| 用于表示由 C 编译程序产生的代码段，或用于以某种方式与 C 库关联的代码段。**
; Reset handler
Reset_Handler PROC
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK] **此处[WEAK]表示弱定义，优先执行其他文件的定义**
IMPORT __main
IMPORT SystemInit
LDR R0, =SystemInit **装载寄存器指令**
BLX R0 **带链接的跳转，切换指令集**
LDR R0, =__main **切换指令集,main函数不返回**
BX R0
ENDP
; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)
NMI_Handler PROC
EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
MemManage_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT MemManage_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT BusFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT UsageFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SVC_Handler PROC
EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT DebugMon_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
PendSV_Handler PROC
EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
Default_Handler PROC
EXPORT WWDG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PVD_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TAMPER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FLASH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RCC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC1_2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_UP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTCAlarm_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USBWakeUp_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_UP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FSMC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SDIO_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler [WEAK
**如下只是定义一个空函数**
WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
TAMPER_IRQHandler
RTC_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
ADC1_2_IRQHandler
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM4_IRQHandler
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
USART3_IRQHandler
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM8_UP_IRQHandler
TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
ADC3_IRQHandler
FSMC_IRQHandler
SDIO_IRQHandler
TIM5_IRQHandler
SPI3_IRQHandler
UART4_IRQHandler
UART5_IRQHandler
TIM6_IRQHandler
TIM7_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler
B .
ENDP
ALIGN **默认是字对齐方式，也说明了代码是4字节对齐的**
;*******************************************************************************
; User Stack and Heap initialization
;*******************************************************************************
IF :DEF:__MICROLIB **如果勾选了**
EXPORT __initial_sp
EXPORT __heap_base
EXPORT __heap_limit
ELSE
IMPORT __use_two_region_memory **两区堆栈空间，堆和栈有各自的空间地址**
EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap
__user_initial_stackheap **此处是初始化两区的堆栈空间，堆是从由低到高的增长，栈是由高向低生长的，两个是互相独立的数据段，并不能交叉使用。**
LDR R0, = Heap_Mem
LDR R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)
LDR R3, = Stack_Mem
BX LR
ALIGN
ENDIF
END **END 命令指示汇编器，已到达一个源文件的末尾。**
;******************* (C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE*********
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