本文主要根据 GB/T 4883-2008 的 7.3 条款写成。
记样本为 x 1 , x 2 , ⋯ , x n x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n x1,x2,⋯,xn,n 为样本容量,按照升序排序,得到持续统计量为 x ( 1 ) , x ( 2 ) , ⋯ , x ( n ) x_{(1)}, x_{(2)}, \cdots, x_{(n)} x(1),x(2),⋯,x(n)
Dixon 检验——单侧检验
原理步骤
Dixon 检验一般是根据可能离群值,和离它最接近的值的距离,以及整个样本的跨度,来判断该值是否为离群值。这些可能离群值,需要接收判断的值,有时候也叫歧离值。
Dixon 检验一般用在 [3,30] 时,比较有效。因此,本文主要讨论 [3, 30] 的情况。
Dixon 检验的检验统计量为( D n D_n Dn 为上侧检验时的统计量, D n ′ D_n^\prime Dn′ 为下侧检验时的统计量):
D n = r 10 = x ( n ) − x ( n − 1 ) x ( n ) − x ( 1 ) 3 ≤ n ≤ 7 D n ′ = r 10 ′ = x ( 2 ) − x ( 1 ) x ( n ) − x ( 1 ) 3 ≤ n ≤ 7 D n = r 11 = x ( n ) − x ( n − 1 ) x ( n ) − x ( 2 ) 8 ≤ n ≤ 10 D n ′ = r 11 ′ = x ( 2 ) − x ( 1 ) x ( n − 1 ) − x ( 1 ) 8 ≤ n ≤ 10 D n = r 21 = x ( n ) − x ( n − 2 ) x ( n ) − x ( 2 ) 11 ≤ n ≤ 13 D n ′ = r 21 ′ = x ( 3 ) − x ( 1 ) x ( n − 1 ) − x ( 1 ) 11 ≤ n ≤ 13 D n = r 22 = x ( n ) − x ( n − 2 ) x ( n ) − x ( 3 ) 14 ≤ n ≤ 30 D n ′ = r 22 ′ = x ( 3 ) − x ( 1 ) x ( n − 2 ) − x ( 1 ) 14 ≤ n ≤ 30 D_n = r_{10} = \frac{x_{(n)} - x_{(n-1)}} {x_{(n)} - x_{(1)}} \text{~~~~~~} 3 \leq n \leq 7 \\ \text{ }\\ D_n^\prime = r^\prime_{10} = \frac{x_{(2)} - x_{(1)}} {x_{(n)} - x_{(1)}} \text{~~~~~~} 3 \leq n \leq 7 \\ \text{ }\\ D_n = r_{11} = \frac{x_{(n)} - x_{(n-1)}} {x_{(n)} - x_{(2)}} \text{~~~~~~} 8 \leq n \leq10 \\ \text{ } \\ D_n^\prime = r^\prime_{11} = \frac{x_{(2)} - x_{(1)}} {x_{(n-1)} - x_{(1)}} \text{~~~~~~} 8 \leq n \leq 10 \\ \text{ }\\ D_n = r_{21} = \frac{x_{(n)} - x_{(n-2)}} {x_{(n)} - x_{(2)}} \text{~~~~~~} 11 \leq n \leq13 \\ \text{ } \\ D_n^\prime = r^\prime_{21} = \frac{x_{(3)} - x_{(1)}} {x_{(n-1)} - x_{(1)}} \text{~~~~~~} 11 \leq n \leq 13 \\ \text{ }\\ D_n = r_{22} = \frac{x_{(n)} - x_{(n-2)}} {x_{(n)} - x_{(3)}} \text{~~~~~~} 14 \leq n \leq30 \\ \text{ } \\ D_n^\prime = r^\prime_{22} = \frac{x_{(3)} - x_{(1)}} {x_{(n-2)} - x_{(1)}} \text{~~~~~~} 14 \leq n \leq 30 \\ Dn=r10=x(n)−x(1)x(n)−x(n