Linux lvm 软raid实现多个物理盘挂载到统一逻辑盘

1. lsblk查看硬盘信息

# lsblk 
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0 894.3G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0     1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2            8:2    0     4G  0 part 
│ └─centos-swap 253:0    0     4G  0 lvm  
└─sda3            8:3    0 889.3G  0 part /
sdb               8:16   0   3.7T  0 disk /data01
sdc               8:32   0   3.7T  0 disk /data02
sdd               8:48   0   3.7T  0 disk /data03
sde               8:64   0   3.7T  0 disk /data04
sdf               8:80   0   3.7T  0 disk /data05
sdg               8:96   0   3.7T  0 disk /data06
sdh               8:112  0   3.7T  0 disk /data07
sdi               8:128  0   3.7T  0 disk /data08
sdj               8:144  0   3.7T  0 disk /data09
sdk               8:160  0   3.7T  0 disk /data10
sdl               8:176  0   3.7T  0 disk /data11
sdm               8:192  0   3.7T  0 disk /data12

2.磁盘分区

sdb~sdm都是原始盘状态，需要先对物理盘进行分区

# fdisk /dev/sdb 
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xfc7efbeb.

WARNING: The size of this disk is 4.0 TB (4000787030016 bytes).
DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes
larger than (2199023255040 bytes) for 512-byte sectors. Use parted(1) and GUID 
partition table format (GPT).


Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-4294967295, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4294967294, default 4294967294): 
Using default value 4294967294
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 TiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      
12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  
16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 
18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix      
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): 

# 命令1 新建分区 n

分区类型

         p 主分区 (0个主分区，0个扩展分区，4空闲)

         e 扩展分区 (逻辑分区容器)

# 命令2 设置为主分区 选择 (默认 p)：p

分区号 (1-4, 默认 1):

第一个扇区 (2048-3750748847, 默认 2048):

最后一个扇区，+/-sectors 或 +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-3750748847, 默认 3750748847):

# 这一些默认就可以 创建了一个新分区 1，类型为“Linux”

# 命令3 更换磁盘类型 命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：t

        已选择分区 1

        L查看磁盘类型代码Hex值

# 命令4 lvm

使用的代号是8e    已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”。

# 命令5 保存修改配置. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w

分区表已调整。

将调用 ioctl() 来重新读分区表。

正在同步磁盘。

/dev/sdc同样操作。

3. 创建PV、VG

创建pv

pvcreate /dev/sdb
pvcreate /dev/sdc

#lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb      8:16   0   3.7T  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0   3.7T  0 part 
sdc      8:32   0   3.7T  0 disk 
└─sdc1   8:33   0   3.7T  0 part 

创建vg

vgcreate sw_ssd /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

可以查看vg的信息:
vgdisplay sw_ssd
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               sw_ssd
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               <7.18 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1373562
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       1373562 / <7.18 TiB
  VG UUID               AalcfI-tW0K-sjrk-m9dA-u14l-UKTi-vzcT8l

4.创建逻辑卷LV

lvcreate -l 100%VG  -n sw_lv  sw_ssd

# 命令解析:

-n  设置新的逻辑卷名
-A  设置逻辑卷的可用性 
-m  创建一个镜像逻辑卷 
-c  设置快照逻辑卷的块大小 
-C  设置逻辑卷的连续分配策略 
-p  设置逻辑卷的访问权限 
-i  设置条带数量 
-r  设置逻辑卷的超前读取扇区数 
-l  设置逻辑卷的大小（PE个数） 
-s  为指定的逻辑卷创建快照卷 
-L  设置逻辑卷的大小（容量值） ,单位为“kKmMgGtT”字节
-T  创建精简逻辑卷

 lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/sw_ssd/sw_lv
  LV Name                sw_lv
  VG Name                sw_ssd
  LV UUID                owTM2i-AchR-XKZ4-QBfs-CdUL-FeO8-gpz4Ys
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2023-06-18 13:11:15 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                <5.24 TiB
  Current LE             1373562
  Segments               3
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

5. 创建文件系统以及挂载

mkfs.xfs /dev/sw_ssd/sw_lv

感觉可以多次进行验证了 先创建为xfs文件系统
mkdir -p /data
# 将lv挂载到/data中
mount /dev/sw_ssd/sw_lv /data
# 设置开机自动挂载
vim /etc/fstab
# 增加一行
/dev/sw_ssd/sw_lv                   /data                  xfs     defaults        0 0

6. 修改文件类型的方法

fuser -mv /data
# 将正在使用的进程关掉.

umount /data
# 取消挂载

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sw_ssd/sw_lv
# 如果需要使用这个文件系统, 那么需要修改 fstab文件.

mount /dev/sw_ssd/sw_lv /data
# 验证修改后的文件系统:
[root@localhost deploy]# df -Th
文件系统                 类型      容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                 devtmpfs   77G     0   77G    0% /dev
tmpfs                    tmpfs     127G   24K  127G    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    tmpfs     127G  6.6M  127G    1% /run
tmpfs                    tmpfs     127G     0  127G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sdd3                xfs       1.1T   21G  1.1T    2% /
tmpfs                    tmpfs     127G   16K  127G    1% /tmp
/dev/sdd1                ext3      976M  197M  728M   22% /boot
/dev/sdd4                xfs       671G  4.0G  667G    1% /home
/dev/sdd5                xfs        30G   12G   19G   39% /backup
tmpfs                    tmpfs      26G     0   26G    0% /run/user/990
tmpfs                    tmpfs      26G     0   26G    0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/sw_ssd-sw_lv ext4      7.4T   60M  7.38T    0% /data