使用动态地址运算配合 at 访问元素

 案例程序：颜色缩减

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

void colorReduce(Mat& inputImage,Mat& outputImage,int div);

int main()
{
	Mat img = imread("flower.jpg");
	if (img.empty())
	{
		cout << "图像载入失败！" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	imshow("原图", img);

	Mat dstImage;
	dstImage.create(img.size(),img.type());

	//开始时间
	double time0 = static_cast<double>(getTickCount());

	colorReduce(img, dstImage, 32);

	double time = ((double)getTickCount() - time0) / getTickFrequency();
	cout << "此方法运行的时间：" << time << "s" << endl;

	//显示效果图
	imshow("效果图", dstImage);

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

void colorReduce(Mat& inputImage, Mat& outputImage, int div)
{
	outputImage = inputImage.clone();
	int rowNumber = outputImage.rows;
	int colNumber = outputImage.cols;

	//双重循环遍历所有像素值
	for (int i = 0;i<rowNumber;i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0;j<colNumber;j++)
		{
			outputImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0] = outputImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0] / div * div + div / 2;  //蓝色通道
			outputImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1] = outputImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1] / div * div + div / 2;  //绿色通道
			outputImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2] = outputImage.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2] / div * div + div / 2;  //红色通道

		}
	}
}