一、问题描述
三子棋是一种民间传统游戏,又叫九宫棋、圈圈叉叉、一条龙、井字棋、田字棋、对角棋等。将正方形对角线连起来,相对两边依次摆上三个双方棋子,只要将自己的三个棋子走成一条线,对方就算输了。但是,如果两个人都掌握了技巧,那么一般来说就是平棋。现在要求利用C语言实现玩家与电脑的对抗,并判断输赢。
二、解题思路
对于此问题的实现,我们分为打印棋盘,人机对抗,判断输赢等三大模块,其中人机对抗采用玩家与电脑各自走一步后判断输赢,谁先达到三个子一条线谁就先赢。因此,我们有以下的功能需要实现。
(1)三子棋棋盘的九个格子可看为一个3*3的二维数组,从而初始化棋盘代码如下:
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//初始化
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
board[i][j] = ' ';
}
}
}
(2)打印棋盘,棋盘如下图所示
棋盘可分为局部进行打印:
代码如下:
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//打印棋盘
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
//打印一行
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
if (i < row - 1 )
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf("---");
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
}
printf("\n");
}
}
(3)当棋盘打印完成后,就进行游戏部分,我们采用玩家和电脑交叉进行落子。
玩家落子代码:
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//玩家下棋
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("玩家走");
while (1)
{
printf("请输入坐标:> ");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
if (x > 0 && x <= row && y > 0 && y <= col)
{
if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
{
board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'x';
break;
}
else
{
printf("坐标已被占用\n");
}
}
else
{
printf("输入坐标不合理,请重新输入\n");
}
}
}
由于电脑是采用随机落子的方式所以要应尽随机数rand()函数,从而实现其功能,其代码如下:
void ComeputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//电脑玩
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("电脑走:\n");
while (1)
{
x = rand() % row ;
y = rand() % col ;
if (board[x][y] == ' ')
{
board[x][y] = 'o';
break;
}
}
}
(4)经过前面模块性的描述,当玩家和电脑各走一步的时候都得对它们进行判断输赢,从而引进判断输赢代码:
static int isfull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (board[i][j] == ' ')
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//判断输赢
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i<row; i++)
{
if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] != ' ')
{
return board[i][0];
}
}
for (i = 0; i<col; i++)
{
if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[0][i] != ' ')
{
return board[0][i];
}
}
if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
{
return board[1][1];
}
if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] != ' ')
{
return board[1][1];
}
if (isfull(board, ROW, COL) == 1)
{
return 'p';
}
return 'c';
}
(5)将这些模块化的函数板块在进行逻辑上的调整,对于三子棋的游戏的C语言实现就很简单了。
三、完整代码
(1)头文件game.h
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#ifndef _GAME_H_
#define _GAME_H_
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void ComeputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//'x'玩家赢
//'o'电脑赢
//'p'平局
//'c'继续
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
#endif
(2)game.c文件
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
# include "game.h"
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//初始化
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
board[i][j] = ' ';
}
}
}
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//打印棋盘
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
//打印一行
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
if (i < row - 1 )
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf("---");
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
}
printf("\n");
}
}
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//玩家下棋
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("玩家走");
while (1)
{
printf("请输入坐标:> ");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
if (x > 0 && x <= row && y > 0 && y <= col)
{
if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
{
board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'x';
break;
}
else
{
printf("坐标已被占用\n");
}
}
else
{
printf("输入坐标不合理,请重新输入\n");
}
}
}
void ComeputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//电脑玩
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("电脑走:\n");
while (1)
{
x = rand() % row ;
y = rand() % col ;
if (board[x][y] == ' ')
{
board[x][y] = 'o';
break;
}
}
}
static int isfull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (board[i][j] == ' ')
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//判断输赢
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i<row; i++)
{
if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] != ' ')
{
return board[i][0];
}
}
for (i = 0; i<col; i++)
{
if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[0][i] != ' ')
{
return board[0][i];
}
}
if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
{
return board[1][1];
}
if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] != ' ')
{
return board[1][1];
}
if (isfull(board, ROW, COL) == 1)
{
return 'p';
}
return 'c';
}
(3)tect.c文件
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include "game.h"
void meau()
{
printf("*******************************\n");
printf("******* 1.play *********\n");
printf("******* 0.exit *********\n");
printf("*******************************\n");
}
void game()
{
char ret = 0;
char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
//初始化
InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
//打印棋盘
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
while (1)
{
//玩家玩
PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
//打印棋盘
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
//判断玩家输赢
ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'c')
{
break;
}
//电脑玩
ComeputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
//打印棋盘
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
//判断输赢
ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'c')
{
break;
}
}
if (ret == 'x')
{
printf("你赢啦\n");
}
else if (ret == 'o')
{
printf("电脑赢了\n");
}
else if (ret == 'p')
{
printf("平局\n");
}
}
void rent()
{
int input = 0;
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
do
{
meau();
printf("请输入序号:> ");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
game();
break;
case 0:
printf("退出游戏\n");
break;
default:
printf("输入错误,请重新输入\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
}
int main()
{
rent();
system("pause");
return 0;
}