目录
1️⃣网络通信三要素
①要素一:IP地址
IP地址:是设备在网络中的地址,是唯一的标识。
IP常用命令:
⚫ipconfig:查看本机IP地址
⚫ping IP地址:检查网络是否联通
⚫特殊IP地址:127.0.0.1或者localhost称为回送地址也可以称为本地回环地址,只会寻找当前本机
public class InetAddressDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1获取本机地址对象
InetAddress ip1 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(ip1.getHostName());
System.out.println(ip1.getHostAddress());
System.out.println("-----------------");
//2获取域名ip对象
InetAddress ip2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(ip2.getHostName());
System.out.println(ip2.getHostAddress());
System.out.println("-----------------");
//3获取公网ip对象
InetAddress ip3 = InetAddress.getByName("182.61.200.7");
System.out.println(ip3.getHostName());
System.out.println(ip3.getHostAddress());
System.out.println("-----------------");
//4判断是否能通,ping 5s之前测试是否可通
System.out.println(ip2.isReachable(5000));
}
}
②端口号
端口号:标识正在计算机上进行的进程,被规定为一个16位的二进制,范围是0~65535
注意🔔🔔🔔🔔🔔🔔🔔🔔🔔🔔🔔🔔🔔🔔🔔
我们自己开发的程序钻则注册端口,且一个设备中不能出现两个程序端口号一样的,否则出错。
③协议
2️⃣UDP通信-快速入门
客户端:
public class ClientDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=========客户端启动==========");
//1创建发送端对象:发送端自带默认的端口号(人)
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2创建一个数据包对象封装数据(韭菜盘子)
/**
public DatagramPacket(byte buf[], int length,
InetAddress address, int port)
参数一:封装要发送的数据
参数二:发送数据的大小
参数三:服务端的ip地址
参数四:服务端的端口
*/
byte[] buffer = "我是一颗韭菜".getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length, InetAddress.getLocalHost(),8888);
//3发送数据出去
socket.send(packet);
socket.close();
}
}
服务端:
/**
* 接收端
*/
public class ServerDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=========服务端启动===========");
//1创建接收端对象:注册端口(人)
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//2创建一个数据包对象:韭菜盘子
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 64];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
//3等待接收数据即可
socket.receive(packet);
//4取出数据
int len = packet.getLength();
String rs = new String(buffer,0,len);
System.out.println("收到了" + rs);
//获取发送端的端口号和ip
String ip = packet.getSocketAddress().toString();
System.out.println("对方地址" + ip);
int port = packet.getPort();
System.out.println("对方端口号" + port);
socket.close();
}
}
实现多发多收:⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
/**
* 发送端 多发多收
*/
public class ClientDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=========客户端启动==========");
//1创建发送端对象:发送端自带默认的端口号(人)
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); //默认有一个端口号
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
System.out.println("请说");
String msg = sc.nextLine();
if ("exit".equals(msg)){
System.out.println("离线成功");
socket.close();
break;
}
//2创建一个数据包对象封装数据(韭菜盘子)
byte[] buffer = msg.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length, InetAddress.getLocalHost(),8888);
//3发送数据出去
socket.send(packet);
}
}
}
/**
* 接收端
*/
public class ServerDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=========服务端启动===========");
//1创建接收端对象:注册端口(人)
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//2创建一个数据包对象:韭菜盘子
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 64];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
while (true) {
//3等待接收数据即可
socket.receive(packet);
//4取出数据
int len = packet.getLength();
String rs = new String(buffer,0,len);
System.out.println("收到了来自" + packet.getAddress() + "对方端口号是" + packet.getPort() + "的消息" + rs);
}
}
}
3️⃣UDP通信-广播、组播
UDP的三种通信方式:
⚫单播:单台主机与单台主机之间的通信
⚫广播:单台主机与所在网络中的所有主机通信
⚫组播:当前主机与选定主机的通信
/**
* 发送端 多发多收
*/
public class ClientDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=========客户端启动==========");
//1创建发送端对象:发送端自带默认的端口号(人)
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); //默认有一个端口号
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
System.out.println("请说");
String msg = sc.nextLine();
if ("exit".equals(msg)){
System.out.println("离线成功");
socket.close();
break;
}
//2创建一个数据包对象封装数据(韭菜盘子)
byte[] buffer = msg.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length, InetAddress.getByName("255.255.255.255"),8888);
//3发送数据出去
socket.send(packet);
}
}
}
/**
* 接收端
*/
public class ServerDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=========服务端启动===========");
//1创建接收端对象:注册端口(人)
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//2创建一个数据包对象:韭菜盘子
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 64];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
while (true) {
//3等待接收数据即可
socket.receive(packet);
//4取出数据
int len = packet.getLength();
String rs = new String(buffer,0,len);
System.out.println("收到了来自" + packet.getAddress() + "对方端口号是" + packet.getPort() + "的消息: " + rs);
}
}
4️⃣TCP通信-快速入门
/**
目标:完成Scoket网络编程入门案例的客户端开发,实现一发一收
*/
public class ClientDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=======客户端启动=======");
//1创建Socket通信管道请求有服务端的连接
//Scoket(String host, int port)
//参数一:服务端的ip地址
//参数二:服务端的端口
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",7777);
//2从Socket通信管道中得到一个字节输出流,负责发送数据
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3把低级的字节流包装成打印流
PrintStream ps= new PrintStream(os);
//4发送消息
ps.println("我是TCP客户端,我已经与你对接,并发出邀请:约吗?");
ps.flush();
}
}
/**
目标:开发Socket网络编程的服务端,实现接收消息
*/
public class ServerDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=======服务器端启动======");
//1注册端口
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(7777);
//2必须调用accept方法,等待接收客户端的Socket链接请求,建立通信管道
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3从通信管道中的得到一个字节输入流
InputStream is= socket.getInputStream();
//4把字节输入流包装成缓冲字节输入流进行消息的接收
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
//按行读取消息
String msg ;
if((msg = br.readLine() )!= null){
System.out.println(socket.getRemoteSocketAddress() + "说了 :" + msg);
}
}
TCP多发多收(单客户端)⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
/**
目标:多发多收
*/
public class ClientDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=======客户端启动=======");
//1创建Socket通信管道请求有服务端的连接
//Scoket(String host, int port)
//参数一:服务端的ip地址
//参数二:服务端的端口
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",7777);
//2从Socket通信管道中得到一个字节输出流,负责发送数据
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3把低级的字节流包装成打印流
PrintStream ps= new PrintStream(os);
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
System.out.println("请说: " );
String msg = sc.nextLine();
//4发送消息
ps.println(msg);
ps.flush();
}
}
/**
目标:开发Socket网络编程的服务端,实现接收消息
*/
public class ServerDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=======服务器端启动======");
//1注册端口
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(7777);
//2必须调用accept方法,等待接收客户端的Socket链接请求,建立通信管道
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3从通信管道中的得到一个字节输入流
InputStream is= socket.getInputStream();
//4把字节输入流包装成缓冲字节输入流进行消息的接收
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
//按行读取消息
String msg ;
while ((msg = br.readLine() )!= null){
System.out.println(socket.getRemoteSocketAddress() + "说了 :" + msg);
}
}
}
TCP多发多收实现多个客户端⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
/**
目标:多发多收
*/
public class ClientDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=======客户端启动=======");
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",7777);
//2从Socket通信管道中得到一个字节输出流,负责发送数据
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3把低级的字节流包装成打印流
PrintStream ps= new PrintStream(os);
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
System.out.println("请说: " );
String msg = sc.nextLine();
//4发送消息
ps.println(msg);
ps.flush();
}
}
}
/**
目标:开发Socket网络编程的服务端,实现接收消息
*/
public class ServerDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=======服务器端启动======");
//1注册端口
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(7777);
//a定义一个死循环有主线程负责不断地接收客户端的Socket请求
while (true) {
//2必须调用accept方法,等待接收客户端的Socket链接请求,建立通信管道并交给子线程
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
System.out.println(socket.getRemoteSocketAddress()+ "上线了");
//3开始创建独立线程处理socket
new ServerReaderThread(socket).start();
}
}
}
public class ServerReaderThread extends Thread{
private Socket socket;
public ServerReaderThread(Socket socket){
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//3从通信管道中的得到一个字节输入流
InputStream is= socket.getInputStream();
//4把字节输入流包装成缓冲字节输入流进行消息的接收
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
//按行读取消息
String msg ;
while ((msg = br.readLine() )!= null){
System.out.println(socket.getRemoteSocketAddress() + "说了 :" + msg);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(socket.getRemoteSocketAddress()+ "下线了");
}
}
}