过滤器和监听器小结

一、过滤器

问题：
Servlet 的作用是针对浏览器发起的请求，进行请求的 处理。通过 Servlet 技术我们可以灵活的进行请求的处理， 但是我们不但要对请求记性处理，我们还需对服务器的资 源进行统一的管理 ，比如请求编码格式的统一设置，资 源的统一分配等等，这个时候该怎么办呢？
解决：使用过滤器。
作用：对服务器资源进行管理 保护 servlet
使用形式：

• Filter 接口
• Filter 过滤器的配置

案例：

• 统一管理字符编码
• Session 管理
  xml配置信息

url:localhost:8080/Filter/tf.do

<!-- 过滤所有的servlet -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>MyFilter1</filter-name>
		<filter-class>com.hlc.filter.MyFilter1</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>MyFilter1</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	<!-- 过滤所有以.do结尾的servlet -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>MyFilter2</filter-name>
		<filter-class>com.hlc.filter.MyFilter2</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>MyFilter2</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	<!-- 过滤特定的servlet -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>MyFilter3</filter-name>
		<filter-class>com.hlc.filter.MyFilter3</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>MyFilter3</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/tf.do</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>MyFilter1</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>com.hlc.servlet.TestFileter</servlet-class>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>MyFilter1</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/tf.do</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

servlet

public class TestFileter extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
	System.out.println("我是servlet");
	}
}

过滤器1

public class MyFilter1 implements Filter{

	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("Myfilter.destroy(我被销毁)");
	}

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
			throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("Myfilter.doFilter(我过滤所有的servlet)");
		//设置编码格式
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		
		//判断session
		HttpSession hs = ((HttpServletRequest)request).getSession();
		if(hs.getAttribute("user")==null){
			((HttpServletResponse)response).sendRedirect("/pro/login.jsp");
		}else{
			//放行
			chain.doFilter(request, response);
		}
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("Myfilter.init(我被初始化了)");
	}
}

过滤器2

public class MyFilter2 implements Filter{

	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("MyFilter2.destory(我被销毁啦)");
	}

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
			throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("MyFilter2.doFilter(我开始过滤所有以.do结尾的servlet啦)");
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
		
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("MyFilter2.init(我被初始化了哦)");
	}

}

过滤器3

public class MyFilter3 implements Filter{

	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("MyFilter3.destory(我被销毁了)");
	}

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
			throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("MyFilter3.doFilter(我过滤特定的servlet)");
//		chain.doFilter(request, response);
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("MyFilter3.init(我被初始化了)");
	}
}

二、监听器

问题：
在 Servlet 技 术 中 我 们 学 习 了 request 、 session 、 application 作用域对象，其主要作用是实现数据的在不同 场景中的灵活流转。但是数据的具体流转过程我们是看不 到的，比如作用域对象是什么时候创建和销毁的，数据是 什么时候存取，改变和删除的。因为具体的流转过程看不 到，所以也就无法再指定的时机对数据和对象进行操作， 比如 session 销毁的时候，在线人数-1。
解决：使用监听器 概念：Servlet 监听器是 Servlet 规范中定义的一种特殊类，用 于监听 ServletContext、HttpSession 和 ServletRequest 等域 对象的创建与销毁事件，以及监听这些域对象中属性发生 修改的事件。
监听对象： Request Session Application 监听内容： 创建、销毁、属性改变事件

//监听request
// 实现ServletRequestListener接口 监听request的创建和销毁
 requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre)
 requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre)
 //实现ServletRequestAttributeListener接口 监听request数据变更
 attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)
 attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) 
 attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)

监听作用： 在事件发生之前，之后进行一些处理，比如统计在线 人数
使用：监听 request 监听 session 监听 application
案例：
统计网站在线人数。https://github.com/hlc0216/InfoMan

web.xml配置

 <listener>
 	<listener-class>com.hlc.listener.MyListenner</listener-class>
 </listener>

package com.hlc.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
/*
 监听request
 实现ServletRequestListener接口 监听request的创建和销毁
 requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre)
 requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre)
 实现ServletRequestAttributeListener接口 监听request数据变更
 attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)
 attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) 
 attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)
 
 监听session和application和request相同
 实现
 */
public class MyListenner implements ServletRequestListener,ServletRequestAttributeListener,
HttpSessionListener,HttpSessionAttributeListener,{
	 //监听resqust作用域的创建
	@Override
	public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
		System.out.println("我被销毁了");
	}
	//监听request作用域的销毁
	@Override
	public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
		System.out.println("初始化了");
	}
	//监听request作用域数据的添加
	@Override
	public void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
		System.out.println("request 添加了一个数据"+srae.getName()+":"+srae.getValue());
	}
	//监听request作用域的消除
	@Override
	public void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
		System.out.println();
	}
	//监听request作用域的替换
	@Override
	public void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
		System.out.println();
	}
	@Override
	public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {

	}
	@Override
	public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {

	}
	@Override
	public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		HttpSessionAttributeListener.super.attributeAdded(se);
	}
	@Override
	public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		HttpSessionAttributeListener.super.attributeRemoved(se);
	}
	@Override
	public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		HttpSessionAttributeListener.super.attributeReplaced(se);
	}
}