【雷达与对抗】【2015.03】用于遥感和安全应用的毫米波FMCW雷达

本文为英国圣安德鲁斯大学（作者：Scott L. Cassidy）的博士论文，共184页。

本论文以毫米波调频连续波雷达为研究对象，以安检和遥感为目的，开展了一系列的工作。首先，概述了优化的软件雷达信号处理器的开发。通过使用线程和GPU加速，使用标准PC硬件实现高数据处理率。与专业硬件（如DSP、FPGA等）相比，这种方法的灵活性使处理器能够快速适应，并在许多先进的实时雷达系统中产生了显著的性能提升。

为了实现船舶自动控制系统中波浪的实时检测，研制了一种高效的跟踪器，并成功应用于实船试验。在地形测绘雷达中实施了自动雷达操作和远程数据遥测功能，以便对加勒比蒙特塞拉特岛上的苏弗里尔山火山进行连续监测。该工作是在距离火山3公里处安装系统后完成的。我们对硬件进行了改进，使一些现有雷达系统能够进行相干测量，从而可以进行包括距离多普勒在内的相敏测量。结果表明，系统对小于200nm位移的灵敏度受系统相位噪声的限制。针对正交混频器不平衡、FMCW啁啾非线性和扫描器驱动失真，提出了有效的补偿技术。与内政部合作评估了两个雷达系统，用于远距离探测隐藏物体。利用在受控条件下收集的数据，开发了基于极化特征的自动检测能力。算法性能是通过对具有统计学意义的受试者进行盲测试来评估的，还分析了服装和物体类型对检测效率的影响。

This thesis presents a body of work on the theme of millimetre-wave FMCW radar, for the purposes of security screening and remote sensing. First, the development of an optimised soware radar signal processor will be outlined. rough use of threading and GPU acceleration, high data processing rates were achieved using standard PC hardware. e flexibility of this approach, compared to specialised hardware (e.g. DSP, FPGA etc…), allowed the processor to be rapidly adapted and has produced a significant performance increase in a number of advanced real-time radar systems. An efficient tracker was developed and was successfully deployed in live trials for the purpose of real-time wave detection in an autonomous boat control system. Automated radar operation and remote data telemetry functions were implemented in a terrain mapping radar to allow continuous monitoring of the Soufrière Hills volcano on the Caribbean island of Montserrat. is work concluded with the installation of the system 3 km from the volcano. Hardware modifications were made to enable coherent measurement in a number of existing radar systems, allowing phase sensitive measurements, including range-Doppler, to be performed. Sensitivity to displacements of less than 200 nm was demonstrated, which is limited by the phase noise of the system. Efficient compensation techniques are presented which correct for quadrature mixer imbalance, FMCW chirp non-linearity, and scanner drive distortions. In collaboration with the Home Office, two radar systems were evaluated for the stand-off detection of concealed objects. Automatic detection capability, based on polarimetric signatures, was developed using data gathered under controlled conditions. Algorithm performance was assessed through blind testing across a statistically significant number of subjects. A detailed analysis is presented, which evaluates the effect of clothing and object type on detection efficiency.

1. 引言
2. 软件信号处理器
3. NIRAD和IRAD
4. 隐藏物体检测
5. SAFIRE
6. AVTIS
7. 结论与展望

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