数据增强（附代数据裁剪与缩放）

自学之用

参考：深度学习数据增强方法-内含（亮度增强、对比度增强、旋转图像、翻转图像、仿射变化扩充图像、错切变化扩充图像、HSV数据增强、平移扩充）8种方式进行增强-每种扩充一张实现8倍扩）+ 图像缩放代码-批量_亮度调整数据增强-CSDN博客图片的随机裁剪和缩放参考：

数据预处理：随机裁剪放缩_数据增强的随机裁剪方法图片-CSDN博客

1、将增强前的图片放于文件夹began中，将增强后的图片放于kuochong文件夹中。本次数据增强，我将原图和增强后的图片放于目录：D:\02file\yolov5-master\VOC\中。数据增强代码放于：D:\02file\yolov5-master\data_aug.py.

2 .数据增加文件的代码如下：

import math
import cv2
import numpy
from PIL import ImageEnhance
import os
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image


def brightnessEnhancement(root_path, img_name):  # 亮度增强
    image = Image.open(os.path.join(root_path, img_name))
    enh_bri = ImageEnhance.Brightness(image)
    # brightness = 1.1+0.4*np.random.random()#取值范围1.1-1.5
    brightness = 1.5
    image_brightened = enh_bri.enhance(brightness)
    return image_brightened


def contrastEnhancement(root_path, img_name):  # 对比度增强
    image = Image.open(os.path.join(root_path, img_name))
    enh_con = ImageEnhance.Contrast(image)
    # contrast = 1.1+0.4*np.random.random()#取值范围1.1-1.5
    contrast = 1.5
    image_contrasted = enh_con.enhance(contrast)
    return image_contrasted


def rotation(root_path, img_name):
    img = Image.open(os.path.join(root_path, img_name))
    random_angle = np.random.randint(-2, 2) * 90
    if random_angle == 0:
        rotation_img = img.rotate(-90)  # 旋转角度
    else:
        rotation_img = img.rotate(random_angle, expand=True)  # 旋转角度
    # rotation_img.save(os.path.join(root_path,img_name.split('.')[0] + '_rotation.jpg'))
    return rotation_img


def flip(root_path, img_name):  # 翻转图像
    img = Image.open(os.path.join(root_path, img_name))
    filp_img = img.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
    # filp_img.save(os.path.join(root_path,img_name.split('.')[0] + '_flip.jpg'))
    return filp_img


def fangshe_bianhuan(root_path, img_name):  # 仿射变化扩充图像
    img = Image.open(os.path.join(root_path, img_name))

    img = cv2.cvtColor(numpy.asarray(img), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)

    h, w = img.shape[0], img.shape[1]
    m = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D(center=(w // 2, h // 2), angle=-30, scale=0.5)
    r_img = cv2.warpAffine(src=img, M=m, dsize=(w, h), borderValue=(0, 0, 0))

    r_img = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(r_img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
    return r_img


def cuoqie(root_path, img_name):  # 错切变化扩充图像
    img = Image.open(os.path.join(root_path, img_name))

    img = cv2.cvtColor(numpy.asarray(img), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)

    h, w = img.shape[0], img.shape[1]
    origin_coord = np.array([[0, 0, 1], [w, 0, 1], [w, h, 1], [0, h, 1]])

    theta = 30  # shear角度
    tan = math.tan(math.radians(theta))

    # x方向错切
    m = np.eye(3)
    m[0, 1] = tan
    shear_coord = (m @ origin_coord.T).T.astype(np.int64)
    shear_img = cv2.warpAffine(src=img, M=m[:2],
                               dsize=(np.max(shear_coord[:, 0]), np.max(shear_coord[:, 1])),
                               borderValue=(0, 0, 0))

    c_img = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(shear_img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
    return c_img


def hsv(root_path, img_name):  # HSV数据增强
    h_gain, s_gain, v_gain = 0.5, 0.5, 0.5
    img = Image.open(os.path.join(root_path, img_name))

    img = cv2.cvtColor(numpy.asarray(img), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)

    r = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, 3) * [h_gain, s_gain, v_gain] + 1  # random gains
    hue, sat, val = cv2.split(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV))
    dtype = img.dtype  # uint8

    x = np.arange(0, 256, dtype=np.int16)
    lut_hue = ((x * r[0]) % 180).astype(dtype)
    lut_sat = np.clip(x * r[1], 0, 255).astype(dtype)
    lut_val = np.clip(x * r[2], 0, 255).astype(dtype)

    img_hsv = cv2.merge((cv2.LUT(hue, lut_hue), cv2.LUT(sat, lut_sat), cv2.LUT(val, lut_val))).astype(dtype)
    aug_img = cv2.cvtColor(img_hsv, cv2.COLOR_HSV2BGR)
    aug_img = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(aug_img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
    return aug_img


def pingyi(root_path, img_name):  # 平移扩充图像，根图像移动的像素距离可自行调整，具体方法如下注释所示
    img = Image.open(os.path.join(root_path, img_name))
    img = cv2.cvtColor(numpy.asarray(img), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)

    cols, rows = img.shape[0], img.shape[1]
    M = np.float32([[1, 0, 50], [0, 1, 30]])  # 50为x即水平移动的距离，30为y 即垂直移动的距离
    dst = cv2.warpAffine(img, M, (cols, rows), borderValue=(0, 255, 0))
    pingyi_img = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(dst, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
    return pingyi_img


def createImage(imageDir, saveDir):  # 主函数，8种数据扩充方式，每种扩充一张
    i = 0
    for name in os.listdir(imageDir):
        i = i + 1
        #saveName = "cesun" + str(i) + ".jpg"
        #saveImage = contrastEnhancement(imageDir, name)
        #saveImage.save(os.path.join(saveDir, saveName))
        saveName1 = "flip" + str(i) + ".jpg"
        saveImage1 = flip(imageDir, name)
        saveImage1.save(os.path.join(saveDir, saveName1))
        saveName2 = "brightnessE" + str(i) + ".jpg"
        saveImage2 = brightnessEnhancement(imageDir, name)
        saveImage2.save(os.path.join(saveDir, saveName2))
        saveName3 = "rotate" + str(i) + ".jpg"
        saveImage = rotation(imageDir, name)
        saveImage.save(os.path.join(saveDir, saveName3))
        saveName4 = "fangshe" + str(i) + ".jpg"
        saveImage = fangshe_bianhuan(imageDir, name)
        saveImage.save(os.path.join(saveDir, saveName4))
        saveName5 = "cuoqie" + str(i) + ".jpg"
        saveImage = cuoqie(imageDir, name)
        saveImage.save(os.path.join(saveDir, saveName5))
        saveName6 = "hsv" + str(i) + ".jpg"
        saveImage = hsv(imageDir, name)
        saveImage.save(os.path.join(saveDir, saveName6))
        #saveName6 = "pingyi" + str(i) + ".jpg"  # 不需要平移变换的，可以注释掉 这三行代码 135 136 137行
        #saveImage = pingyi(imageDir, name)  # 不需要平移变换的，可以注释掉 这三行代码
        #saveImage.save(os.path.join(saveDir, saveName6))  # 不需要平移变换的，可以注释掉 这三行代码


imageDir = "began"  # 要改变的图片的路径文件夹  在当前文件夹下，建立文件夹即可
saveDir = "kuochong"  # 数据增强生成图片的路径文件夹
print('文件的初始文件夹为：' + imageDir)
print('----------------------------------------')
print('文件的转换后存入的文件夹为：' + saveDir)
print('----------------------------------------')
print('开始转换')
print('----------------------------------------')
createImage(imageDir, saveDir)
print('----------------------------------------')
print("数据扩充完成")

3 、运行时后出现一个“Numpy报错：AttributeError: module ‘numpy‘ has no attribute ‘int‘”，解决办法：只需要点击错误链接，将np.int修改为np.int32或np.int64即可。

4、这段数据增强代码没有包含随机裁剪缩放。随机裁剪缩放代码如下：将代码与图片放于同一文件夹下。

import cv2
import numpy as np


def Contrast_and_Brightness(alpha, beta, img):
    blank = np.zeros(img.shape, img.dtype)
    # dst = alpha * img + beta * blank
    dst = cv2.addWeighted(img, alpha, blank, 1 - alpha, beta)
    return dst


def random_crop_resize(img, crop_size, resize_size):
    '''
    随机裁剪放缩
    :param img: 原始图片
    :param crop_size: 裁剪尺寸
    :param resize_size: 缩放尺寸
    :return: 裁剪放缩后的图片
    '''
    height, width = img.shape[:2]
    x = np.random.randint(0, width - crop_size[1] + 1)
    y = np.random.randint(0, height - crop_size[0] + 1)
    crop_img = img[y:y + crop_size[0], x:x + crop_size[1]]
    result_img = cv2.resize(crop_img, resize_size)
    return result_img


if __name__ == '__main__':
    img = cv2.imread('flip.jpg')
    crop_size = (300, 300)
    resize_size = (640, 640)
    result_img = random_crop_resize(img, crop_size, resize_size)
    cv2.imshow('origin', img)
    cv2.imshow('result', result_img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

5、结果展示。