多层全连接神经网络——介绍篇
前面一章我们简要介绍了神经网络的一些基本知识，同时也是示范了如何用神经网络构建一个复杂的非线性二分类器，更多的情况神经网络适合使用在更加复杂的情况，比如图像分类的问题，下面我们用深度学习的入门级数据集 MNIST 手写体分类来说明一下更深层神经网络的优良表现。
MNIST 数据集
mnist 数据集是一个非常出名的数据集，基本上很多网络都将其作为一个测试的标准，其来自美国国家标准与技术研究所, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)。 训练集 (training set) 由来自 250 个不同人手写的数字构成, 其中 50% 是高中学生, 50% 来自人口普查局 (the Census Bureau) 的工作人员，一共有 60000 张图片。 测试集(test set) 也是同样比例的手写数字数据，一共有 10000 张图片。
每张图片大小是 28 x 28 的灰度图，如下：
所以我们的任务就是给出一张图片，我们希望区别出其到底属于 0 到 9 这 10 个数字中的哪一个。
多分类问题
前面我们讲过二分类问题，现在处理的问题更加复杂，是一个 10 分类问题，统称为多分类问题，对于多分类问题而言，我们的 loss 函数使用一个更加复杂的函数，叫交叉熵。
softmax
提到交叉熵，我们先讲一下 softmax 函数，前面我们见过了 sigmoid 函数，如下
s ( x ) = 1 1 + e − x s(x) = \frac{1}{1 + e^{-x}} s(x)=1+e−x1
可以将任何一个值转换到 0 ~ 1 之间，当然对于一个二分类问题，这样就足够了，因为对于二分类问题，如果不属于第一类，那么必定属于第二类，所以只需要用一个值来表示其属于其中一类概率，但是对于多分类问题，这样并不行，需要知道其属于每一类的概率，这个时候就需要 softmax 函数了。
softmax 函数示例如下
对于网络的输出 z 1 , z 2 , ⋯ z k z_1, z_2, \cdots z_k z1,z2,⋯zk，我们首先对他们每个都取指数变成 e z 1 , e z 2 , ⋯   , e z k e^{z_1}, e^{z_2}, \cdots, e^{z_k} ez1,ez2,⋯,ezk，那么每一项都除以他们的求和，也就是
z i → e z i ∑ j = 1 k e z j z_i \rightarrow \frac{e^{z_i}}{\sum_{j=1}^{k} e^{z_j}} zi→∑j=1kezjezi
如果对经过 softmax 函数的所有项求和就等于 1，所以他们每一项都分别表示属于其中某一类的概率。
交叉熵
交叉熵衡量两个分布相似性的一种度量方式，前面讲的二分类问题的 loss 函数就是交叉熵的一种特殊情况，交叉熵的一般公式为
c r o s s _ e n t r o p y ( p , q ) = E p [ − log q ] = − 1 m ∑ x p ( x ) log q ( x ) cross\_entropy(p, q) = E_{p}[-\log q] = - \frac{1}{m} \sum_{x} p(x) \log q(x) cross_entropy(p,q)=Ep[−logq]=−m1x∑p(x)logq(x)
对于二分类问题我们可以写成
− 1 m ∑ i = 1 m ( y i log s i g m o i d ( x i ) + ( 1 − y i ) log ( 1 − s i g m o i d ( x i ) ) -\frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^m (y^{i} \log sigmoid(x^{i}) + (1 - y^{i}) \log (1 - sigmoid(x^{i})) −m1i=1∑m(yilogsigmoid(xi)+(1−yi)log(1−sigmoid(xi))
这就是我们之前讲的二分类问题的 loss，当时我们并没有解释原因，只是给出了公式，然后解释了其合理性，现在我们给出了公式去证明这样取 loss 函数是合理的
交叉熵是信息理论里面的内容，这里不再具体展开，更多的内容，可以看到下面的 链接
下面我们直接用 mnist 举例，讲一讲深度神经网络
import numpy as np
import torch
from torchvision.datasets import mnist # 导入 pytorch 内置的 mnist 数据
from torch import nn
from torch.autograd import Variable
# 使用内置函数下载 mnist 数据集
train_set = mnist.MNIST('./data', train=True, download=True)
test_set = mnist.MNIST('./data', train=False, download=True)
Downloading http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
Downloading http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz
Downloading http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz
Downloading http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz
Processing...
Done!
我们可以看看其中的一个数据是什么样子的
a_data, a_label = train_set[0]
a_data
a_label
5
这里的读入的数据是 PIL 库中的格式，我们可以非常方便地将其转换为 numpy array
a_data = np.array(a_data, dtype='float32')
print(a_data.shape)
(28, 28)
这里我们可以看到这种图片的大小是 28 x 28
print(a_data)
[[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 3. 18.
18. 18. 126. 136. 175. 26. 166. 255. 247. 127. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 30. 36. 94. 154. 170. 253.
253. 253. 253. 253. 225. 172. 253. 242. 195. 64. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 49. 238. 253. 253. 253. 253. 253.
253. 253. 253. 251. 93. 82. 82. 56. 39. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 18. 219. 253. 253. 253. 253. 253.
198. 182. 247. 241. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 80. 156. 107. 253. 253. 205.
11. 0. 43. 154. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 14. 1. 154. 253. 90.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 139. 253. 190.
2. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 11. 190. 253.
70. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 35. 241.
225. 160. 108. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 81.
240. 253. 253. 119. 25. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
45. 186. 253. 253. 150. 27. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 16. 93. 252. 253. 187. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 249. 253. 249. 64. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
46. 130. 183. 253. 253. 207. 2. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 39. 148.
229. 253. 253. 253. 250. 182. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 24. 114. 221. 253.
253. 253. 253. 201. 78. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 23. 66. 213. 253. 253. 253.
253. 198. 81. 2. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 18. 171. 219. 253. 253. 253. 253. 195.
80. 9. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 55. 172. 226. 253. 253. 253. 253. 244. 133. 11.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 136. 253. 253. 253. 212. 135. 132. 16. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]]
我们可以将数组展示出来，里面的 0 就表示黑色，255 表示白色
对于神经网络，我们第一层的输入就是 28 x 28 = 784
多层全连接神经网络——实践篇(pytorch)
simplenet.py
from torch import nn
# 简单的三层全连接网络
class simpleNet(nn.Module):
# simpleNet(28 * 28, 300, 100, 10)
def __init__(self,in_dim,n_hidden_1,n_hidden_2,out_dim):
super(simpleNet, self).__init__()
self.layer1 = nn.Linear(in_dim,n_hidden_1)
self.layer2 = nn.Linear(n_hidden_1,n_hidden_2)
self.layer3 = nn.Linear(n_hidden_2,out_dim)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.layer1(x)
x = self.layer2(x)
x = self.layer3(x)
return x
def get_name(self): # 返回类名
return self.__class__.__name__
# 添加激活函数，增加网络的非线性
class activationNet(nn.Module):
# activationNet(28 * 28, 300, 100, 10)
def __init__(self,in_dim,n_hidden_1,n_hidden_2,out_dim):
super(activationNet, self).__init__()
self.layer1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(in_dim,n_hidden_1),nn.ReLU(True))
self.layer2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(n_hidden_1,n_hidden_2),nn.ReLU(True))
self.layer3 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(n_hidden_2,out_dim))
# 注: 最后一层输出层不能添加激活函数，因为输出的结果为实际的类别
def forward(self, x):
x = self.layer1(x)
x = self.layer2(x)
x = self.layer3(x)
return x
def get_name(self):
return self.__class__.__name__
# 添加批标准化，加快收敛速度
class batchNet(nn.Module):
# batchNet(28 * 28, 300, 100, 10)
def __init__(self,in_dim,n_hidden_1,n_hidden_2,out_dim):
super(batchNet, self).__init__()
self.layer1 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(in_dim,n_hidden_1),
nn.BatchNorm1d(n_hidden_1),
nn.ReLU(True)
)
self.layer2 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(n_hidden_1,n_hidden_2),
nn.BatchNorm1d(n_hidden_2),
nn.ReLU(True),
)
self.layer3 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(n_hidden_2,out_dim))
# 注：批标准化一般放在全连接层的后面，非线性层(激活函数)的前面
def forward(self, x):
x = self.layer1(x)
x = self.layer2(x)
x = self.layer3(x)
return x
def get_name(self):
return self.__class__.__name__
utils.py
import time
import torch
from torch import nn, optim
from torch.autograd import Variable
use_gpu = torch.cuda.is_available() #判断是否有GPU，使用cuda加速
def train(model, train_loader, test_loader, num_epochs, criterion, optimizer):
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
start = time.time()
print('epoch [{}/{}]'.format(epoch + 1, num_epochs))
print('*' * 10)
# 训练集
model.train() #训练模式
train_loss = 0.0
train_acc = 0.0
for i, data in enumerate(train_loader, start=1): # 从1开始枚举
img, label = data #img: torch.Size([64, 1, 28, 28]) label: torch.Size([64]) 每次迭代64张图片
img = img.view(img.size(0), -1) # torch.Size([64, 784])
if use_gpu:
img = img.cuda()
label = label.cuda()
# 前向传播
out = model(img) # torch.Size([64, 10])
loss = criterion(out, label)
train_loss += loss.item() # 所有的loss相加
_, pred = torch.max(out, dim=1) # 取最大值的索引
train_acc += (pred == label).float().mean() # 所有的acc均值相加
# 后向传播
optimizer.zero_grad() #归零梯度
loss.backward() # 反向传播
optimizer.step() # 更新参数
if i % 300 == 0:
print('[{}/{}] Loss: {:.6f}, Acc: {:.6f}'.format(i, len(train_loader), train_loss / i, train_acc / i))
print('Finish {} epoch, Loss: {:.6f}, Acc: {:.6f}'.format(epoch + 1, train_loss / i, train_acc / i))
# 测试集
model.eval() # 测试模式
eval_loss = 0.0
eval_acc = 0.0
for data in test_loader:
img, label = data
img = img.view(img.size(0), -1)
if torch.cuda.is_available():
img = img.cuda()
label = label.cuda()
with torch.no_grad():
out = model(img)
loss = criterion(out, label)
eval_loss += loss.item()
_, pred = torch.max(out, 1)
eval_acc += (pred == label).float().mean()
print('Test Loss: {:.6f}, Acc: {:.6f}, time: {:.4f}s'.format(eval_loss / len(test_loader),
eval_acc / len(test_loader), time.time() - start))
'''max
torch.return_types.max(
values=tensor([5.5330, 4.0168, 4.2281, 5.0293, 4.0179, 5.0598, 3.8940, 3.0942, 1.5175,
4.1047, 4.2734, 2.8363, 4.5695, 5.2592, 5.3070, 4.4359, 4.8156, 5.0195,
2.8169, 4.9822, 4.4690, 4.0372, 4.0024, 5.2169, 4.1828, 5.8338, 5.5101,
4.5567, 6.0161, 4.1724, 5.7923, 4.2611, 5.5563, 1.5881, 4.7684, 4.7749,
3.5184, 5.2478, 2.8457, 4.4556, 4.2019, 4.4447, 4.4543, 2.4892, 3.5918,
3.3944, 3.3330, 3.3624, 4.7076, 5.0788, 4.9315, 4.2758, 4.4056, 3.3710,
3.5001, 4.7317, 5.2754, 4.1093, 4.6846, 3.8728, 5.1561, 4.1930, 2.5789,
2.2516], device='cuda:0', grad_fn=<MaxBackward0>),
indices=tensor([7, 2, 1, 0, 4, 1, 4, 9, 5, 9, 0, 6, 9, 0, 1, 5, 9, 7, 3, 4, 9, 6, 6, 5,
4, 0, 7, 4, 0, 1, 3, 1, 3, 6, 7, 2, 7, 1, 2, 1, 1, 7, 4, 2, 3, 5, 1, 2,
4, 4, 6, 3, 5, 5, 6, 0, 4, 1, 9, 5, 7, 8, 9, 3], device='cuda:0'))
'''
'''label
tensor([7, 2, 1, 0, 4, 1, 4, 9, 5, 9, 0, 6, 9, 0, 1, 5, 9, 7, 3, 4, 9, 6, 6, 5,
4, 0, 7, 4, 0, 1, 3, 1, 3, 4, 7, 2, 7, 1, 2, 1, 1, 7, 4, 2, 3, 5, 1, 2,
4, 4, 6, 3, 5, 5, 6, 0, 4, 1, 9, 5, 7, 8, 9, 3], device='cuda:0')
'''
main.py
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
import simplenet
from utils import train
'''生成mnist数据集'''
# 数据预处理
data_tf = transforms.Compose(
[transforms.ToTensor(), # PIL -> Tensor，且Tensor的范围是0-1
transforms.Normalize([0.5],[0.5]) # 标准化，减均值，除以方差 ([均值, 方差])
])
# 导入mnist数据集，传入数据预处理
# train_dataset(len): 60000, test_dataset(len): 10000
train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(
root='./datasets',train=True,transform=data_tf,download=False)
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(
root='./datasets',train=False,transform=data_tf)
# 建立数据迭代器，按批次读取数据
# train_loader(len): 938 , test_loader(len): 157
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset,batch_size=batch_size,shuffle=True) # shuffle表示每次迭代数据时是否将数据打乱
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset,batch_size=batch_size,shuffle=False)
'''训练模型'''
# 超参数
batch_size = 64
learning_rate = 1e-2
num_epoches = 20
use_gpu = torch.cuda.is_available()
# 定义模型
in_dim, n_hidden_1, n_hidden_2, out_dim = 28*28, 300, 100, 10
model1 = simpleNet(in_dim, n_hidden_1, n_hidden_2, out_dim)
model2 = activationNet(in_dim, n_hidden_1, n_hidden_2, out_dim)
model3 = batchNet(in_dim, n_hidden_1, n_hidden_2, out_dim)
for model in [model1, model2, model3]:
if use_gpu:
model = model.cuda()
print("the {} start traing...".format(model.get_name()))
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 交叉熵损失函数 (多分类问题)
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), learning_rate) # 优化器，使用随机梯度下降，学习率 0.01
train(model,train_loader,test_loader,2,criterion,optimizer) # 训练模型
print("{:*^50}".format(model.get_name()+'complete training'))
输出结果：
/home/pt/miniconda3/envs/qyh/bin/python /home/pt/yaotl/PycharmProjects/main.py
the simpleNet start traing...
epoch [1/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 1.329844, Acc: 0.690781
[600/938] Loss: 0.941420, Acc: 0.772865
[900/938] Loss: 0.769854, Acc: 0.808924
Finish 1 epoch, Loss: 0.754717, Acc: 0.812283
Test Loss: 0.379995, Acc: 0.891515, time: 4.8858s
epoch [2/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.378551, Acc: 0.891667
[600/938] Loss: 0.368806, Acc: 0.893229
[900/938] Loss: 0.361570, Acc: 0.895469
Finish 2 epoch, Loss: 0.360406, Acc: 0.895822
Test Loss: 0.324294, Acc: 0.908327, time: 4.8837s
epoch [3/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.329006, Acc: 0.906302
[600/938] Loss: 0.328093, Acc: 0.906198
[900/938] Loss: 0.328142, Acc: 0.905434
Finish 3 epoch, Loss: 0.327265, Acc: 0.905784
Test Loss: 0.302210, Acc: 0.914359, time: 4.8824s
epoch [4/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.310762, Acc: 0.912240
[600/938] Loss: 0.316446, Acc: 0.910130
[900/938] Loss: 0.311605, Acc: 0.910833
Finish 4 epoch, Loss: 0.312086, Acc: 0.910548
Test Loss: 0.304461, Acc: 0.913172, time: 4.8807s
epoch [5/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.310722, Acc: 0.910156
[600/938] Loss: 0.303692, Acc: 0.912422
[900/938] Loss: 0.303474, Acc: 0.912674
Finish 5 epoch, Loss: 0.302887, Acc: 0.912697
Test Loss: 0.291681, Acc: 0.916139, time: 4.8943s
epoch [6/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.294564, Acc: 0.914792
[600/938] Loss: 0.299093, Acc: 0.914583
[900/938] Loss: 0.296365, Acc: 0.915313
Finish 6 epoch, Loss: 0.296641, Acc: 0.915129
Test Loss: 0.291029, Acc: 0.916436, time: 4.8377s
epoch [7/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.291095, Acc: 0.915313
[600/938] Loss: 0.295891, Acc: 0.914948
[900/938] Loss: 0.292132, Acc: 0.916806
Finish 7 epoch, Loss: 0.292571, Acc: 0.916578
Test Loss: 0.281307, Acc: 0.917722, time: 4.7784s
epoch [8/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.294645, Acc: 0.916771
[600/938] Loss: 0.290767, Acc: 0.917786
[900/938] Loss: 0.288942, Acc: 0.917726
Finish 8 epoch, Loss: 0.288723, Acc: 0.917594
Test Loss: 0.300473, Acc: 0.915348, time: 4.7692s
epoch [9/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.279384, Acc: 0.920208
[600/938] Loss: 0.285428, Acc: 0.919349
[900/938] Loss: 0.286762, Acc: 0.919514
Finish 9 epoch, Loss: 0.285923, Acc: 0.919760
Test Loss: 0.280750, Acc: 0.921776, time: 4.8108s
epoch [10/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.279690, Acc: 0.920781
[600/938] Loss: 0.282061, Acc: 0.921094
[900/938] Loss: 0.283139, Acc: 0.920556
Finish 10 epoch, Loss: 0.282981, Acc: 0.920592
Test Loss: 0.273975, Acc: 0.921479, time: 4.8408s
************simpleNet complete traing*************
the activationNet start traing...
epoch [1/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 1.786881, Acc: 0.522969
[600/938] Loss: 1.272527, Acc: 0.668021
[900/938] Loss: 1.015205, Acc: 0.731875
Finish 1 epoch, Loss: 0.991841, Acc: 0.737790
Test Loss: 0.422857, Acc: 0.883604, time: 4.8961s
epoch [2/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.411508, Acc: 0.884740
[600/938] Loss: 0.389647, Acc: 0.890130
[900/938] Loss: 0.379372, Acc: 0.891354
Finish 2 epoch, Loss: 0.376713, Acc: 0.892158
Test Loss: 0.327276, Acc: 0.904569, time: 4.9079s
epoch [3/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.329244, Acc: 0.903490
[600/938] Loss: 0.323284, Acc: 0.905625
[900/938] Loss: 0.319108, Acc: 0.906927
Finish 3 epoch, Loss: 0.318999, Acc: 0.907083
Test Loss: 0.285626, Acc: 0.916436, time: 4.8981s
epoch [4/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.295526, Acc: 0.915938
[600/938] Loss: 0.291442, Acc: 0.915755
[900/938] Loss: 0.287380, Acc: 0.917240
Finish 4 epoch, Loss: 0.287052, Acc: 0.917094
Test Loss: 0.275336, Acc: 0.920688, time: 4.8969s
epoch [5/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.259084, Acc: 0.922448
[600/938] Loss: 0.261759, Acc: 0.923646
[900/938] Loss: 0.260894, Acc: 0.924080
Finish 5 epoch, Loss: 0.260981, Acc: 0.924024
Test Loss: 0.259922, Acc: 0.924248, time: 4.9499s
epoch [6/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.249923, Acc: 0.927448
[600/938] Loss: 0.243477, Acc: 0.929818
[900/938] Loss: 0.236503, Acc: 0.931302
Finish 6 epoch, Loss: 0.237199, Acc: 0.930904
Test Loss: 0.228554, Acc: 0.933149, time: 4.9602s
epoch [7/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.227158, Acc: 0.934479
[600/938] Loss: 0.219079, Acc: 0.936458
[900/938] Loss: 0.216487, Acc: 0.937240
Finish 7 epoch, Loss: 0.216691, Acc: 0.937300
Test Loss: 0.217955, Acc: 0.933742, time: 4.9625s
epoch [8/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.203418, Acc: 0.941823
[600/938] Loss: 0.201948, Acc: 0.941719
[900/938] Loss: 0.197544, Acc: 0.943038
Finish 8 epoch, Loss: 0.197688, Acc: 0.942847
Test Loss: 0.191240, Acc: 0.941653, time: 4.9339s
epoch [9/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.183470, Acc: 0.947500
[600/938] Loss: 0.184399, Acc: 0.946667
[900/938] Loss: 0.182280, Acc: 0.947274
Finish 9 epoch, Loss: 0.181536, Acc: 0.947761
Test Loss: 0.178211, Acc: 0.947686, time: 4.9194s
epoch [10/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.171319, Acc: 0.949115
[600/938] Loss: 0.170203, Acc: 0.950208
[900/938] Loss: 0.168132, Acc: 0.951476
Finish 10 epoch, Loss: 0.167819, Acc: 0.951543
Test Loss: 0.159468, Acc: 0.953224, time: 4.9065s
**********activationNet complete traing***********
the batchNet start traing...
epoch [1/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 1.374498, Acc: 0.728698
[600/938] Loss: 1.002082, Acc: 0.806380
[900/938] Loss: 0.797396, Acc: 0.843542
Finish 1 epoch, Loss: 0.778387, Acc: 0.846948
Test Loss: 0.278106, Acc: 0.938291, time: 5.1177s
epoch [2/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.282466, Acc: 0.935885
[600/938] Loss: 0.259163, Acc: 0.939974
[900/938] Loss: 0.242087, Acc: 0.942656
Finish 2 epoch, Loss: 0.239574, Acc: 0.943330
Test Loss: 0.158975, Acc: 0.960641, time: 5.0585s
epoch [3/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.174743, Acc: 0.957083
[600/938] Loss: 0.164080, Acc: 0.960156
[900/938] Loss: 0.157884, Acc: 0.961319
Finish 3 epoch, Loss: 0.156686, Acc: 0.961754
Test Loss: 0.120937, Acc: 0.968849, time: 5.0297s
epoch [4/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.118044, Acc: 0.971510
[600/938] Loss: 0.118948, Acc: 0.971042
[900/938] Loss: 0.117522, Acc: 0.970816
Finish 4 epoch, Loss: 0.117640, Acc: 0.970849
Test Loss: 0.101570, Acc: 0.973695, time: 5.0324s
epoch [5/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.097335, Acc: 0.976094
[600/938] Loss: 0.095146, Acc: 0.976380
[900/938] Loss: 0.093661, Acc: 0.976719
Finish 5 epoch, Loss: 0.093731, Acc: 0.976646
Test Loss: 0.091125, Acc: 0.976068, time: 5.0503s
epoch [6/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.077459, Acc: 0.982083
[600/938] Loss: 0.077764, Acc: 0.981302
[900/938] Loss: 0.078367, Acc: 0.980469
Finish 6 epoch, Loss: 0.078491, Acc: 0.980410
Test Loss: 0.085019, Acc: 0.976859, time: 5.1310s
epoch [7/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.063800, Acc: 0.984896
[600/938] Loss: 0.064793, Acc: 0.983854
[900/938] Loss: 0.066355, Acc: 0.983524
Finish 7 epoch, Loss: 0.066860, Acc: 0.983242
Test Loss: 0.079175, Acc: 0.977156, time: 5.1715s
epoch [8/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.055737, Acc: 0.986719
[600/938] Loss: 0.056531, Acc: 0.986302
[900/938] Loss: 0.057141, Acc: 0.986042
Finish 8 epoch, Loss: 0.057566, Acc: 0.985891
Test Loss: 0.073072, Acc: 0.978343, time: 5.1971s
epoch [9/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.051404, Acc: 0.988021
[600/938] Loss: 0.050743, Acc: 0.988151
[900/938] Loss: 0.050949, Acc: 0.987899
Finish 9 epoch, Loss: 0.050946, Acc: 0.987840
Test Loss: 0.073823, Acc: 0.976859, time: 5.1957s
epoch [10/10]
**********
[300/938] Loss: 0.042816, Acc: 0.990260
[600/938] Loss: 0.045081, Acc: 0.988906
[900/938] Loss: 0.045148, Acc: 0.988906
Finish 10 epoch, Loss: 0.045310, Acc: 0.988773
Test Loss: 0.071047, Acc: 0.978046, time: 5.1661s
*************batchNet complete traing*************
Process finished with exit code 0
提取层结构，打印模型：
for model in [model1, model2, model3]:
print(model,'\n')
输出结果：
simpleNet(
(layer1): Linear(in_features=784, out_features=300, bias=True)
(layer2): Linear(in_features=300, out_features=100, bias=True)
(layer3): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=10, bias=True)
)
activationNet(
(layer1): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=784, out_features=300, bias=True)
(1): ReLU(inplace)
)
(layer2): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=300, out_features=100, bias=True)
(1): ReLU(inplace)
)
(layer3): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=10, bias=True)
)
)
batchNet(
(layer1): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=784, out_features=300, bias=True)
(1): BatchNorm1d(300, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(2): ReLU(inplace)
)
(layer2): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=300, out_features=100, bias=True)
(1): BatchNorm1d(100, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(2): ReLU(inplace)
)
(layer3): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=10, bias=True)
)
)
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