【Hadoop】3、MapReduce以及WordCount

MapReduce是一种程序开发模式，可以使用大量服务器来进行并行处理。
Map分配工作，Reduce将工作结果汇总。
运作流程
1、Map将数据分割成若干份小数据，由每台服务器分别运行
2、Reduce将数据合并，汇总整理结果

示例：WordCount

计算文件中每个单词出现的次数

1、将以下代码复制进WordCount.java

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

public class WordCount {

    public static class TokenizerMapper
            extends Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable> {

        private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
        private Text word = new Text();

        public void map(Object key, Text value, Context context
        ) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
            while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
                word.set(itr.nextToken());
				context.write(word, one);
            }
        }
    }

    public static class IntSumReducer
            extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {
        private IntWritable result = new IntWritable();

        public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,
                           Context context
        ) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            int sum = 0;
            for (IntWritable val : values) {
                sum += val.get();
            }
            result.set(sum);
            context.write(key, result);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, "word count");
        job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class);
        job.setMapperClass(TokenizerMapper.class);
		job.setCombinerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
        job.setReducerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
        FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(args[0]));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
        System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
    }

}

2、环境变量中注意有没有

export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar

3、创建hdfs目录

hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/alex/wordcount/input

4、将文本文件复制到HDFS以下的目录

hadoop fs -put LICENSE.txt /user/alex/wordcount/input

5、编译WordCount.java,并做成jar包

hadoop com.sun.tools.javac.Main WordCount.java

jar cf wc.jar WordCount*.class

6、将文件分词

hadoop jar wc.jar WordCount /user/alex/wordcount/input/LICENSE.txt /user/alex/wordcount/output

7、查看分词后的文件

hadoop fs -cat /user/alex/wordcount/output/part-r-00000|more

缺点：
设计模式不易使用，很难提高效率
MapReduce需要将中间产生的数据存入硬盘，有读入数据延迟
不支持实时处理，以批处理为主

解决方案
使用Spark