MATLAB将xyz数据转换成STL文件

我在之前的一个专栏发过一个将地理坐标的数据转成3D的STL模型。我下面介绍一下如何将长方体转成STL文件。我提供两个方法。

第一个是matlab程序。与地理坐标不一样，长方体存在特殊的情况，比如需要把其分成上下、左右、前后6部分进行拼接。关于这部分的知识，可以参考这个up的专栏。我在此基础上，得到了一个方案。具体的代码如下：

bi = load('b01.txt');
scatter3(bi(1,:),bi(2,:),bi(3,:))
x = bi(1,:);
y = bi(2,:);
z = bi(3,:);
[Anum,index] = sort(x);
%% labeling
x1 = [Anum(1),Anum(3);Anum(5),Anum(7)];
y1 = [y(index(1)),y(index(3));y(index(5)),y(index(7))];
z1 = [z(index(1)),z(index(3));z(index(5)),z(index(7))];
xyz2stl('rectangular.stl',x1,y1,z1)

其中的 b01.txt为x,y,z三列数据。

18.6613959728922	3.14143675683556	3.02457703598341
20.3888047311257	-7.71573813292703	3.02457703598341
30.4000436850529	-6.12292029353781	3.02457703598341
28.6726349268193	4.73425459622477	3.02457703598341
28.6726349268193	4.73425459622477	-3.02457703598341
30.4000436850529	-6.12292029353781	-3.02457703598341
20.3888047311257	-7.71573813292703	-3.02457703598341
18.6613959728922	3.14143675683556	-3.02457703598341

而xyz2stl函数为

function f=xyz2stl(FileName,X,Y,Z)
    Nx=size(Z,2);
    Ny=size(Z,1);
    fid=fopen(FileName,'w');
    fprintf(fid,'solid\n');
    %top surface
    Surf_write(fid,X,Y,Z,0);
    %other surface assumed to be plane

    % %X=X(1,1) plane
    Xs=repmat(X(1,:),2,1);
    Ys=repmat(Y(1,:),2,1);
    Zs=[zeros(1,Ny);Z(:,1)'];
    Surf_write(fid,Xs,Ys,Zs,0);
    %X=X(1,Nx) plane
    Xs=repmat(X(2,:),2,1);
    Ys=repmat(Y(2,:),2,1);
    Zs=[zeros(1,Ny);Z(:,1)'];
    Surf_write(fid,Xs,Ys,Zs,0);
    % %Y=Y(1,1) plane
    Xs=repmat(X(:,1)',2,1);
    Ys=repmat(Y(:,1)',2,1);
    Zs=[zeros(1,Ny);Z(:,1)'];
    Surf_write(fid,Xs,Ys,Zs,0);
    % %Y=Y(Ny,1) plane
    Xs=repmat(X(:,2)',2,1);
    Ys=repmat(Y(:,2)',2,1);
    Zs=[zeros(1,Ny);Z(:,1)'];
    Surf_write(fid,Xs,Ys,Zs,0);
    %
    % %the bottom plane
    Surf_write(fid,X,Y,0*Z,0);

    fprintf(fid,'endsolid');
    fclose(fid);
    disp('xyz2stl finish!')
end

其中包含的函数为：

function f=Surf_write(fid,X,Y,Z,opt)
for i=1:size(Z,1)-1
    for j=1:size(Z,2)-1

        %splitting each small rectangular to 2 small triangular
        p1=[X(i,j),Y(i,j),Z(i,j)];
        p2=[X(i+1,j),Y(i+1,j),Z(i+1,j)];
        p3=[X(i+1,j+1),Y(i+1,j+1),Z(i+1,j+1)];
    local_write_facet(fid,p1,p2,p3,opt);

        p1=[X(i,j),Y(i,j),Z(i,j)];
        p3=[X(i,j+1),Y(i,j+1),Z(i,j+1)];
        p2=[X(i+1,j+1),Y(i+1,j+1),Z(i+1,j+1)];
    local_write_facet(fid,p1,p2,p3,opt);
    end
end
f=1;
end


%to write a single small triangular to the file
function num = local_write_facet(fid,p1,p2,p3,opt)
    num = 1;
    n = local_find_normal(p1,p2,p3,opt);

        fprintf(fid,'facet normal %.7E %.7E %.7E\r\n', n(1),n(2),n(3) );
        fprintf(fid,'outer loop\r\n');
        fprintf(fid,'vertex %.7E %.7E %.7E\r\n', p1);
        fprintf(fid,'vertex %.7E %.7E %.7E\r\n', p2);
        fprintf(fid,'vertex %.7E %.7E %.7E\r\n', p3);
        fprintf(fid,'endloop\r\n');
        fprintf(fid,'endfacet\r\n');

end

%to generate the normal direction vector n, from the vertex of triangular
function n = local_find_normal(p1,p2,p3,opt)
if ~opt
v2 = p2-p1;
v1 = p3-p1;
v3 = cross(v1,v2);
n = v3 ./ sqrt(sum(v3.*v3));
else
    n=opt;
end
end

第二个是一个matlab小程序包。具体的下载链接为：https://github.com/NWRichmond/xyz2stl.

经过本文的测试，运行该程序包，需要在这个文件目录下增加一个函数：stlWrite函数，如下：

function stlWrite(filename, varargin)
%STLWRITE   Write STL file from patch or surface data.
%
%   STLWRITE(FILE,fv) writes a stereolithography (STL) file to FILE for a triangulated
%   patch defined by FV (a structure with fields 'vertices' and 'faces').
%
%   STLWRITE(FILE,FACES,VERTICES) takes faces and vertices separately, rather than in an FV struct
%
%   STLWRITE(FILE,X,Y,Z) creates an STL file from surface data in X, Y, and Z. STLWRITE triangulates
%   this gridded data into a triangulated surface using triangulations options specified below. X, Y
%   and Z can be two-dimensional arrays with the same size. If X and Y are vectors with length equal
%   to SIZE(Z,2) and SIZE(Z,1), respectively, they are passed through MESHGRID to create gridded
%   data. If X or Y are scalar values, they are used to specify the X and Y spacing between grid
%   points.
%
%   STLWRITE(...,'PropertyName',VALUE,'PropertyName',VALUE,...) writes an STL file using the
%   following property values:
%
%   MODE          - File is written using 'binary' (default) or 'ascii'.
%
%   TITLE         - Header text (max 80 characters) written to the STL file.
%
%   TRIANGULATION - When used with gridded data, TRIANGULATION is either:
%                       'delaunay'  - (default) Delaunay triangulation of X, Y
%                       'f'         - Forward slash division of grid quadrilaterals
%                       'b'         - Back slash division of quadrilaterals
%                       'x'         - Cross division of quadrilaterals
%                   Note that 'f', 'b', or 't' triangulations require FEX entry 28327, "mesh2tri".
%
%   FACECOLOR     - (not currently implemented) When used with face/vertex input, specifies the
%                   colour of each triangle face. If users request this feature, I will attempt to
%                   implement it.
%
%   Example 1:
%       % Write binary STL from face/vertex data
%       tmpvol = zeros(20,20,20);       % Empty voxel volume
%       tmpvol(8:12,8:12,5:15) = 1;     % Turn some voxels on
%       fv = isosurface(tmpvol, 0.99);  % Create the patch object
%       stlwrite('test.stl',fv)         % Save to binary .stl
%
%   Example 2:
%       % Write ascii STL from gridded data
%       [X,Y] = deal(1:40);             % Create grid reference
%       Z = peaks(40);                  % Create grid height
%       stlwrite('test.stl',X,Y,Z,'mode','ascii')

%   Original idea adapted from surf2stl by Bill McDonald. Huge speed
%   improvements implemented by Oliver Woodford. Non-Delaunay triangulation
%   of quadrilateral surface input requires mesh2tri by Kevin Moerman.
%
%   Author: Sven Holcombe, 11-24-11


% Check valid filename path
narginchk(2, inf)
path = fileparts(filename);
if ~isempty(path) && ~exist(path,'dir')
    error('Directory "%s" does not exist.',path);
end

% Get faces, vertices, and user-defined options for writing
[faces, vertices, options] = parseInputs(varargin{:});
asciiMode = strcmp( options.mode ,'ascii');

% Create the facets
facets = single(vertices');
facets = reshape(facets(:,faces'), 3, 3, []);

% Compute their normals
V1 = squeeze(facets(:,2,:) - facets(:,1,:));
V2 = squeeze(facets(:,3,:) - facets(:,1,:));
normals = V1([2 3 1],:) .* V2([3 1 2],:) - V2([2 3 1],:) .* V1([3 1 2],:);
clear V1 V2
normals = bsxfun(@times, normals, 1 ./ sqrt(sum(normals .* normals, 1)));
facets = cat(2, reshape(normals, 3, 1, []), facets);
clear normals

% Open the file for writing
permissions = {'w','wb+'};
fid = fopen(filename, permissions{asciiMode+1});
if (fid == -1)
    error('stlwrite:cannotWriteFile', 'Unable to write to %s', filename);
end

% Write the file contents
if asciiMode
    % Write HEADER
    fprintf(fid,'solid %s\r\n',options.title);
    % Write DATA
    fprintf(fid,[...
        'facet normal %.7E %.7E %.7E\r\n' ...
        'outer loop\r\n' ...
        'vertex %.7E %.7E %.7E\r\n' ...
        'vertex %.7E %.7E %.7E\r\n' ...
        'vertex %.7E %.7E %.7E\r\n' ...
        'endloop\r\n' ...
        'endfacet\r\n'], facets);
    % Write FOOTER
    fprintf(fid,'endsolid %s\r\n',options.title);

else % BINARY
    % Write HEADER
    fprintf(fid, '%-80s', options.title);             % Title
    fwrite(fid, size(facets, 3), 'uint32');           % Number of facets
    % Write DATA
    % Add one uint16(0) to the end of each facet using a typecasting trick
    facets = reshape(typecast(facets(:), 'uint16'), 12*2, []);
    facets(end+1,:) = 0;
    fwrite(fid, facets, 'uint16');
end

% Close the file
fclose(fid);
fprintf('Wrote %d facets\n',size(facets, 3));


%% Input handling subfunctions
function [faces, vertices, options] = parseInputs(varargin)
% Determine input type
if isstruct(varargin{1}) % stlwrite('file', FVstruct, ...)
    if ~all(isfield(varargin{1},{'vertices','faces'}))
        error( 'Variable p must be a faces/vertices structure' );
    end
    faces = varargin{1}.faces;
    vertices = varargin{1}.vertices;
    options = parseOptions(varargin{2:end});

elseif isnumeric(varargin{1})
    firstNumInput = cellfun(@isnumeric,varargin);
    firstNumInput(find(~firstNumInput,1):end) = 0; % Only consider numerical input PRIOR to the first non-numeric
    numericInputCnt = nnz(firstNumInput);

    options = parseOptions(varargin{numericInputCnt+1:end});
    switch numericInputCnt
        case 3 % stlwrite('file', X, Y, Z, ...)
            % Extract the matrix Z
            Z = varargin{3};

            % Convert scalar XY to vectors
            ZsizeXY = fliplr(size(Z));
            for i = 1:2
                if isscalar(varargin{i})
                    varargin{i} = (0:ZsizeXY(i)-1) * varargin{i};
                end
            end

            % Extract X and Y
            if isequal(size(Z), size(varargin{1}), size(varargin{2}))
                % X,Y,Z were all provided as matrices
                [X,Y] = varargin{1:2};
            elseif numel(varargin{1})==ZsizeXY(1) && numel(varargin{2})==ZsizeXY(2)
                % Convert vector XY to meshgrid
                [X,Y] = meshgrid(varargin{1}, varargin{2});
            else
                error('stlwrite:badinput', 'Unable to resolve X and Y variables');
            end

            % Convert to faces/vertices
            if strcmp(options.triangulation,'delaunay')
                faces = delaunay(X,Y);
                vertices = [X(:) Y(:) Z(:)];
            else
                if ~exist('mesh2tri','file')
                    error('stlwrite:missing', '"mesh2tri" is required to convert X,Y,Z matrices to STL. It can be downloaded from:\n%s\n',...
                        'http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/28327')
                end
                [faces, vertices] = mesh2tri(X, Y, Z, options.triangulation);
            end

        case 2 % stlwrite('file', FACES, VERTICES, ...)
            faces = varargin{1};
            vertices = varargin{2};

        otherwise
            error('stlwrite:badinput', 'Unable to resolve input types.');
    end

end

function options = parseOptions(varargin)
IP = inputParser;
IP.addParamValue('mode', 'binary', @ischar)
IP.addParamValue('title', sprintf('Created by stlwrite.m %s',datestr(now)), @ischar);
IP.addParamValue('triangulation', 'delaunay', @ischar);
IP.addParamValue('facecolor',[], @isnumeric)
IP.parse(varargin{:});
options = IP.Results;

运行该程序包中的xyz2stl.mlapp，得到以下的界面：

（1）我读取的文件是csv格式，因此选择文件后，Field Delimiter选择Comma,文件头没有则为0，下面选择的参数默认即可。

(2)下一步选择输出的路径和文件名，其余参数默认，点击运行即可。

下面即为得到的stl文件。

致谢：感谢B站粉丝提供的问题。